The Arabidopsis<i>BAP1</i>and<i>BAP2</i>Genes Are General Inhibitors of Programmed Cell Death

Yang, Huijun; Yang, Shuhua; Li, Yongqing; Hua, Jian

doi:10.1104/pp.107.100800

Cited by 101 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Avr1b and other W-Y motif effectors lack any recognizable sequence similarity to enzymes, such as peroxidases, proteases, or E3 ligases, that could conceivably interfere with PCD signaling. The effectors also lack hydrophobic domains common to anti-apoptotic proteins in the Bcl-2 family or anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Arabidopsis At BI-l (for Bax inhibitor-1) (Watanabe and Lam, 2006), the BON family (Yang et al, 2006), and the BON-associated protein family (Yang et al, 2007). Furthermore, the W-Y motif effectors do not resemble any bacterial effector proteins, and most lack canonical nuclear localization signals.…”

Section: Avr1b Is An Effector Protein That Can Suppress Pcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved C-Terminal Motifs Required for Avirulence and Suppression of Cell Death by Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b

et al. 2008

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The sequenced genomes of oomycete plant pathogens contain large superfamilies of effector proteins containing the protein translocation motif RXLR-dEER. However, the contributions of these effectors to pathogenicity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the Phytophthora sojae effector protein Avr1b can contribute positively to virulence and can suppress programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by the mouse BAX protein in yeast, soybean (Glycine max), and Nicotiana benthamiana cells. We identify three conserved motifs (K, W, and Y) in the C terminus of the Avr1b protein and show that mutations in the conserved residues of the W and Y motifs reduce or abolish the ability of Avr1b to suppress PCD and also abolish the avirulence interaction of Avr1b with the Rps1b resistance gene in soybean. W and Y motifs are present in at least half of the identified oomycete RXLR-dEER effector candidates, and we show that three of these candidates also suppress PCD in soybean. Together, these results indicate that the W and Y motifs are critical for the interaction of Avr1b with host plant target proteins and support the hypothesis that these motifs are critical for the functions of the very large number of predicted oomycete effectors that contain them.

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Section: Avr1b Is An Effector Protein That Can Suppress Pcdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved C-Terminal Motifs Required for Avirulence and Suppression of Cell Death by Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b

et al. 2008

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“…Constitutively activated defense responses and stunted growth patterns, two intricately intertwined processes, are common features of Arabidopsis mutants such as mpk4, mkk1/2, mekk1, lsd1, snc1, bap1, and cpr6 that have elevated SA levels (Dietrich et al, 1997;Yang and Hua, 2004;Wang et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2007;Pitzschke et al, 2009a). The mpk4 mutant phenotype is SA dependent and NPR1 independent, because overexpression of nahG partially suppresses mpk4 dwarfism and fully suppresses its constitutively activated defense responses, whereas mpk4/npr1-1 double mutants fully retain the mpk4 dwarf stature and constitutively activated defense response (Petersen et al, 2000).…”

Section: Repression Of Growth and Development Is A Common Theme Of Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

et al. 2011

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in disease resistance in model plant species such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). However, the importance of MAPK signaling pathways in the disease resistance of crops is still largely uninvestigated. To better understand the role of MAPK signaling pathways in disease resistance in soybean (Glycine max), 13, nine, and 10 genes encoding distinct MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, respectively, were silenced using virus-induced gene silencing mediated by Bean pod mottle virus. Among the plants silenced for various MAPKs, MAPKKs, and MAPKKKs, those in which GmMAPK4 homologs (GmMPK4s) were silenced displayed strong phenotypes including stunted stature and spontaneous cell death on the leaves and stems, the characteristic hallmarks of activated defense responses. Microarray analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses, such as those in salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathways, were significantly up-regulated in GmMPK4-silenced plants, whereas genes involved in growth and development, such as those in auxin signaling pathways and in cell cycle and proliferation, were significantly down-regulated. As expected, SA and hydrogen peroxide accumulation was significantly increased in GmMPK4-silenced plants. Accordingly, GmMPK4-silenced plants were more resistant to downy mildew and Soybean mosaic virus compared with vector control plants. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis and in vitro kinase assays, we determined that GmMKK1 and GmMKK2 might function upstream of GmMPK4. Taken together, our results indicate that GmMPK4s negatively regulate SA accumulation and defense response but positively regulate plant growth and development, and their functions are conserved across plant species.

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“…Trypan blue and DAB staining were performed as described (Yang et al, 2007). For NBT staining, seedlings were submerged in solution (1 mg/mL NBT, 10 mM NaN 3 , and 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.8) and stained for 30 min at room temperature.…”

Section: Trypan Blue Dab and Nbt Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antagonistic Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/bZIP Transcription Factors Form Transcriptional Modules That Integrate Light and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling inArabidopsis

et al. 2013

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The critical developmental switch from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth of plants involves light signaling transduction and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS function as signaling molecules that regulate multiple developmental processes, including cell death. However, the relationship between light and ROS signaling remains unclear. Here, we identify transcriptional modules composed of the basic helix-loop-helix and bZIP transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR1 (PIF1), PIF3, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), and HY5 HOMOLOGY (HYH) that bridge light and ROS signaling to regulate cell death and photooxidative response. We show that pif mutants release more singlet oxygen and exhibit more extensive cell death than the wild type during Arabidopsis thaliana deetiolation. Genome-wide expression profiling indicates that PIF1 represses numerous ROS and stress-related genes. Molecular and biochemical analyses reveal that PIF1/PIF3 and HY5/HYH physically interact and coordinately regulate the expression of five ROS-responsive genes by directly binding to their promoters. Furthermore, PIF1/PIF3 and HY5/HYH function antagonistically during the seedling greening process. In addition, phytochromes, cryptochromes, and CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 act upstream to regulate ROS signaling. Together, this study reveals that the PIF1/PIF3-HY5/HYH transcriptional modules mediate crosstalk between light and ROS signaling and sheds light on a new mechanism by which plants adapt to the light environments.

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The ArabidopsisBAP1andBAP2Genes Are General Inhibitors of Programmed Cell Death

Cited by 101 publications

References 71 publications

Conserved C-Terminal Motifs Required for Avirulence and Suppression of Cell Death by Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b

Conserved C-Terminal Motifs Required for Avirulence and Suppression of Cell Death by Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1b

Soybean Homologs of MPK4 Negatively Regulate Defense Responses and Positively Regulate Growth and Development

Antagonistic Basic Helix-Loop-Helix/bZIP Transcription Factors Form Transcriptional Modules That Integrate Light and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling inArabidopsis

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