The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and ABI1 Genes Encode Homologous Protein Phosphatases 2C Involved in Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction

Leung, Jeffrey; Merlot, Sylvain; Giraudat, Jérôme

doi:10.2307/3870430

Cited by 305 publications

(464 citation statements)

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“…The location of the QTL on chromosome 5 (77.3 cM) is close to that of the SOS2 gene, whose product is a Ser/Thr protein kinase required for K ϩ nutrition and NaCl tolerance during vegetative growth in Arabidopsis (Liu et al, 2000). Another QTL on chromosome 5 (96.9 cM) maps very close to some genes whose expression is induced in response to osmotic stress, such as RD29A (Horvath et al, 1993) and RD29B (Nordin et al, 1993), both encoding hydrophilic proteins, or whose product is involved in the ABA signal transduction pathway, such as the ABI2 gene (Leung et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered (a) genes whose mutations cause a salt response different from that of their wild-type ancestors during the vegetative growth (SOS1-SOS3 Liu et al, 2000;Shi et al, 2000] and PFS1 [Tsugane et al, 1999]) or during germination (SAÑ 1-SAÑ 4 [Quesada et al, 2000] and rss [Werner and Finkelstein, 1995]); (b) genes required for ABA perception (ABI1-ABI5; Giraudat et al, 1992; Leung et al, 1994Leung et al, , 1997Meyer et al, 1994;Finkelstein et al, 1998;Finkelstein and Lynch, 2000), modulation of the ABA signal (ERA1 [Cutler et al, 1996] and ABH1 [Taji et al, 1999]). The results of our search for candidate genes are summarized in Table IV.…”

Section: Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Architecture of NaCl Tolerance in Arabidopsis

et al. 2002

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The little success of breeding approaches toward the improvement of salt tolerance in crop species is thought to be attributable to the quantitative nature of most, if not all the processes implicated. Hence, the identification of some of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to natural variation in salt tolerance should be instrumental in eventually manipulating the perception of salinity and the corresponding responses. A good choice to reach this goal is the plant model system Arabidopsis, whose complete genome sequence is now available. Aiming to analyze natural variability in salt tolerance, we have compared the ability of 102 wild-type races (named ecotypes or accessions) of Arabidopsis to germinate on 250 mm NaCl, finding a wide range of variation among them. Accessions displaying extremely different responses to NaCl were intercrossed, and the phenotypes found in their F 2 progenies suggested that natural variation in NaCl tolerance during germination was under polygenic controls. Genetic distances calculated on the basis of variations in repeat number at 22 microsatellites, were analyzed in a group of either extremely salt-tolerant or extremely salt-sensitive accessions. We found that most but not all accessions with similar responses to NaCl are phylogenetically related. NaCl tolerance was also studied in 100 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the Columbia-4 and Landsberg erecta accessions. We detected 11 QTL harboring naturally occurring alleles that contribute to natural variation in NaCl tolerance in Arabidopsis, six at the germination and five at the vegetative growth stages, respectively. At least five of these QTL are likely to represent loci not yet described by their relationship with salt stress.A major factor impairing worldwide agricultural productivity is salinity, which is believed to affect nearly one-fifth of the world's irrigated land and causes 10 7 irrigated hectares to be abandoned each year (Boyer, 1982;Szaboles, 1987; Flowers and Yeo, 1995;Nelson et al., 1999). To solve the problems caused by salinity in agricultural areas, some engineering-based approaches have been applied, such as increased irrigation with water of high quality or soil drainage. Because these expensive solutions are not always practical, the study of plant salt tolerance, with a view to identifying and eventually manipulating the genes involved in salt perception and responses, seems to be a more promising approach.Plant salt tolerance is a complex trait, which is considered by many authors to be polygenic and hence difficult to dissect and manipulate. The variety of adaptive mechanisms that plants have evolved to cope with salt stress (McCue and Hanson, 1990) makes it difficult to choose of a single trait as a target for manipulation aimed at significantly improving plant salt tolerance. This might explain the lack of success of breeding programs developed with the aim of obtaining crop varieties able to tolerate salt stress while remaining productive in salinized lands (Flowers ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Candidate Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Architecture of NaCl Tolerance in Arabidopsis

et al. 2002

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“…These mutations were isolated 25-years ago by genetic screenings in Arabidopsis, aimed to the identification of ABAinsensitive mutants [27] and the cloning of the mutant loci provided pioneering insights into ABA signaling [28,29,30,31]. Both abi1-1D and abi2-1D are strong ABA-insensitive mutants that show diminished response to ABA in seeds and vegetative tissues, however, analysis of lossof-function alleles indicates that ABI1 and ABI2 gene products, as well as other clade A PP2Cs, are negative regulators of ABA signaling [32,33,34,35].…”

Section: Abi1-1 G180d Abi2-1 G168d and Hab1 G246d Hypermorphic Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural insights into PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2Cs

et al. 2012

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Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential function in plant physiology since it is required for biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as control of plant growth and development. A new family of soluble ABA receptors, named PYR/PYL/RCAR, has emerged as ABA sensors able to inhibit the activity of specific protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs) in an ABAdependent manner. The structural and functional mechanism by which ABA is perceived by these receptors and consequently leads to inhibition of the PP2Cs has been recently elucidated. The module PYR/PYL/RCAR-ABA-PP2C offers an elegant and unprecedented mechanism to control phosphorylation signaling cascades in a ligand-dependent manner. The knowledge of their three-dimensional structures paves the way to the design of ABA agonists able to modulate the plant stress response.

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“…The PP2C motifs described by Bork et al (1996) are surrounded by gray boxes. Black circles mark the locations of the lesions associated with two temperature-sensitive alleles of Ce-fem-2, b245, and q117 (Pilgrim et al 1995), and functionally mutant forms of the Arabidopsis PP2Cs ABI1 and ABI2 (Leung et al 1994(Leung et al , 1997Meyer et al 1994). The black asterisk marks the residue thought to bind phosphate ions, and the black diamonds indicate residues thought to bind metal ions (Das et al 1996).…”

Section: ) (F W Y) (K R H) (D E) (G a S) (P) (C) (T Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the PP2C Family in Caenorhabditis: Rapid Divergence of the Sex-Determining Protein FEM-2

Stothard

Hansen²,

Pilgrim³

2002

J Mol Evol

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Abstract. To investigate the causes and functional significance of rapid sex-determining protein evolution we compared three Caenorhabditis elegans genes encoding members of the protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family with their orthologs from another Caenorhabditis species (strain CB5161). One of the genes encodes FEM-2, a sex-determining protein, while the others have no known sex-determining role. FEM-2's PP2C domain was found to be more diverged than the other PP2C domains, supporting the notion that sex-determining proteins are subjected to selective pressures that allow for or cause rapid divergence. Comparison of the positions of amino acid substitutions in FEM-2 with a solved three-dimensional structure suggests that the catalytic face of the protein is highly conserved among C. elegans, CB5161, and another closely related species C. briggsae. However, the non-conserved regions of FEM-2 cannot be said to lack functional importance, since fem-2 transgenes from the other species were unable to rescue the germ-line defect caused by a C. elegans fem-2 mutation. To test whether fem-2 functions as a sex-determining gene in the other Caenorhabditis species we used RNA-mediated interference (RNAi). fem-2 (RNAi) in C. elegans and C. briggsae caused germ-line feminization, but had no noticeable effect in CB5161. Thus the function of fem-2 in CB5161 remains uncertain.

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The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and ABI1 Genes Encode Homologous Protein Phosphatases 2C Involved in Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction

Cited by 305 publications

References 19 publications

Genetic Architecture of NaCl Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Genetic Architecture of NaCl Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Structural insights into PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2Cs

Evolution of the PP2C Family in Caenorhabditis: Rapid Divergence of the Sex-Determining Protein FEM-2

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