The Arabian Gulf

Vaughan, Grace O.; Al-Mansoori, Noura; Burt, John A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100853-9.00001-4

Cited by 74 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…These contrasting predictions highlight the likelihood of unforeseen responses by species to climate change, and detailed climate modelling for the risk assessment area would enable a more detailed understanding of risks posed by NNS (in particular those species whose BRA+CCA score increased) as well as identifying locations of potentially higher risk based on climate variables. Also, invasiveness risk response to climate change may vary between the Inner and Middle RSA, as these have different climate parameters due to their oceanography (Riefl et al, 2012;Van Lavieren et al, 2011;Vaughan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially true for the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, a region that falls within the area of the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME), which has the mandate for supporting cooperative management of the ROPME Sea Area (RSA; Bailey & Munawar, 2015;Van Lavieren & Klaus, 2013). The RSA, which is bordered by the countries of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, has unique environmental features, including a marine environment characterized by extreme oceanographic and meteorological conditions (Riefl et al, 2012;Sale et al, 2011;Van Lavieren et al, 2011;Vaughan, Al-Mansoori, & Burt, 2019). Sea surface temperatures (SST) in the RSA regularly exceed 37°C during the extreme summer months (Paparella, Xu, Vaughan, & Burt, 2019), and mean salinity is 42 ppt, with >50 ppt common in the south and up to 70 ppt in coastal lagoons Wabnitz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characterized by low species diversity, with many species already living at the margins of survival, the RSA is particularly sensitive to human-generated impacts (Sheppard et al, 2010;Vaughan et al, 2019), which are exacerbated by a rapidly increasing human population and increased use of the marine environment (Bailey & Munawar, 2015;Burt, 2014;Burt, Al-Harthi, & Al-Cibahy, 2011;Riefl et al, 2012;Sale et al, 2011;Sheppard et al, 2010;United Nations, 2017;Van Lavieren et al, 2011;Van Lavieren & Klaus, 2013). Particularly detrimental is the rise in temperature and salinity (IPCC, 2007), and the large decrease in input of fresh water from the River Shat Al Arab, which has increased salinity at the northern end of the RSA (UN-ESCWA & BGR, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AS-ISK, extant non-native species, horizon species, risk screening, ROPME international ports Vaughan et al, 2019), especially from India, China and Pakistan (Automatic Identification System…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying potentially invasive non‐native marine and brackish water species for the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman

Clarke

Vilizzi

Lee

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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Invasive non‐native species (NNS) are internationally recognized as posing a serious threat to global biodiversity, economies and human health. The identification of invasive NNS is already established, those that may arrive in the future, their vectors and pathways of introduction and spread, and hotspots of invasion are important for a targeted approach to managing introductions and impacts at local, regional and global scales. The aim of this study was to identify which marine and brackish NNS are already present in marine systems of the northeastern Arabia area (Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman) and of these which ones are potentially invasive, and which species have a high likelihood of being introduced in the future and negatively affect biodiversity. Overall, 136 NNS were identified, of which 56 are already present in the region and a further 80 were identified as likely to arrive in the future, including fish, tunicates, invertebrates, plants and protists. The Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS‐ISK) was used to identify the risk of NNS being (or becoming) invasive within the region. Based on the AS‐ISK basic risk assessment (BRA) thresholds, 36 extant and 37 horizon species (53.7% of all species) were identified as high risk. When the impact of climate change on the overall assessment was considered, the combined risk score (BRA+CCA) increased for 38.2% of all species, suggesting higher risk under warmer conditions, including the highest‐risk horizon NNS the green crab Carcinus maenas, and the extant macro‐alga Hypnea musciformis. This is the first horizon‐scanning exercise for NNS in the region, thus providing a vital baseline for future management. The outcome of this study is the prioritization of NNS to inform decision‐making for the targeted monitoring and management in the region to prevent new bio‐invasions and to control existing species, including their potential for spread.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying potentially invasive non‐native marine and brackish water species for the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman

Clarke

Vilizzi

Lee

et al. 2020

Global Change Biology

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“…Water exchange between the Red Sea and the rest of the Indian Ocean, through the Strait of Bab al Mandab, has been repeatedly restricted during Pleistocene glacial cycles (Stevens et al, 2014) when sea level was lowered by ~130 m (Clark et al, 2009). In comparison, the Arabian Gulf reached its present levels just 6-9 K years ago, with the entire seabed therefore exposed during the Pleistocene period (Vaughan, Al-Mansoori, & Burt, 2019;Lokier et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of marine barriers for genetic diversity of the coral‐specialist yellowbar angelfish from the Northwestern Indian Ocean

Torquato

Range

Ben‐Hamadou

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Ocean circulation, geological history, geographic distance, and seascape heterogeneity play an important role in phylogeography of coral‐dependent fishes. Here, we investigate potential genetic population structure within the yellowbar angelfish (Pomacanthus maculosus) across the Northwestern Indian Ocean (NIO). We then discuss our results with respect to the above abiotic features in order to understand the contemporary distribution of genetic diversity of the species. To do so, restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) was utilized to carry out population genetic analyses on P. maculosus sampled throughout the species’ distributional range. First, genetic data were correlated to geographic and environmental distances, and tested for isolation‐by‐distance and isolation‐by‐environment, respectively, by applying the Mantel test. Secondly, we used distance‐based and model‐based methods for clustering genetic data. Our results suggest the presence of two putative barriers to dispersal; one off the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula and the other off northern Somalia, which together create three genetic subdivisions of P. maculosus within the NIO. Around the Arabian Peninsula, one genetic cluster was associated with the Red Sea and the adjacent Gulf of Aden in the west, and another cluster was associated with the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman in the east. Individuals sampled in Kenya represented a third genetic cluster. The geographic locations of genetic discontinuities observed between genetic subdivisions coincide with the presence of substantial upwelling systems, as well as habitat discontinuity. Our findings shed light on the origin and maintenance of genetic patterns in a common coral reef fish inhabiting the NIO, and reinforce the hypothesis that the evolution of marine fish species in this region has likely been shaped by multiple vicariance events.

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Excess pCO2 in Surface Seawater of the Arabian Gulf

Murray

Al-Thani

Yiğiterhan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) were sampled in December, 2018 and May, 2019 in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar in the Arabian Gulf. pCO 2 calculated in surface seawater averaged 459 ± 61 matm and was supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere. The region was degassing CO 2 to the atmosphere and the flux was about 1.25 mmol C m -2 d -1 . The origin of this excess CO 2 must be due to CaCO 3 precipitation. The horizontal relationship between salinity-normalized total alkalinity (NTA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (NDIC) showed that CaCO 3 formation was more important, relative to net biological productivity, than in the open ocean. The tracer Alk* has values primarily determined by CaCO 3 formation and values of Alk* ranged from -50 to -310 mmol kg -1 , which is consistent with substantial CaCO 3 formation. DAlk* increased with increasing distance northward from Hormuz. The rate of calcification calculated from the air-sea flux of CO 2 (5.6 mmol C kg -1 y -1 ) and from DAlk* (5.9 mmol C kg -1 y -1 ) agreed well. However, CaCO 3 formation by net calcification in coral reefs is unlikely as they have limited distribution and have been severely damaged by past coral bleaching. There are high concentrations of excess particulate Ca in the water column that cannot be accounted for by input of CaCO 3 -rich Qatari dust. Carbonate forming plankton are absent in the water column. We propose that abiological, heterogeneous calcite precipitation (HCP) may be occurring. The mechanism is unknown but nucleation by CaCO 3 -rich Qatari dust may assist this process.

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The Arabian Gulf

Cited by 74 publications

References 112 publications

Identifying potentially invasive non‐native marine and brackish water species for the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman

Identifying potentially invasive non‐native marine and brackish water species for the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman

Consequences of marine barriers for genetic diversity of the coral‐specialist yellowbar angelfish from the Northwestern Indian Ocean

Excess pCO2 in Surface Seawater of the Arabian Gulf

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