The Aqueous Extract of Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia caused by impaired insulin secretion and resistance of the peripheral tissues. A major pathogenesis of T2DM is obesity-associated insulin resistance. Gynura divaricata (L.) DC. (GD) is a natural plant and has been reported to have numerous health-promoting effects on both animals and humans. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of GD improving glucose and lipid metabolism in an obesity animal model induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet in combination with low dose of streptozocin and an insulin-resistant HepG2 cell model induced by dexamethasone. The study showed that the water extract of GD (GD extract A) could significantly reduce fasting serum glucose, reverse dyslipidemia and pancreatic damage, and regulate the body weight of mice. We also found that GD extract A had low toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, GD extract A may increase glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, markedly inhibit NF-κB activation, and decrease the impairment in signaling molecules of insulin pathway, such as IRS-1, AKT, and GLUT1. Overall, the results indicate that GD extract A is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.

High-Intensity Interval Training Restores Glycolipid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function in Skeletal Muscle of Mice With Type 2 Diabetes

“…Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia and is due to defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance (IR) (1). The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 463 million people (aged 20-79 years) had diabetes mellitus globally in 2019.…”

Effects of D-Chiro-Inositol on Glucose Metabolism in db/db Mice and the Associated Underlying Mechanisms

“…T2DM accounts for > 90% of diabetes cases, and is characterized by hyperglycemia (Chadha and Morris, 2015;Li et al, 2018). It has been reported that IR is a crucial factor in the development of T2DM, playing an important role in many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, and obesity (Bjornshave and Hermansen, 2014).…”

“…It has been reported that IR is a crucial factor in the development of T2DM, playing an important role in many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, lipid metabolism, and obesity (Bjornshave and Hermansen, 2014). Furthermore, inhibition or attenuation of the insulin signal is the main cause of IR (Li et al, 2018). The liver is one of the main targets of insulin action, and plays an important role in the development of T2DM (Cai et al, 2018).…”

Modelos experimentais de obesidade: análise crítica do perfil metabólico e da aplicabilidade

“…Em nossa pesquisa, encontramos uma série de estudos (24) que utilizaram desta metodologia para indução da obesidade (Hvid, Blouin et al, 2013;Sanghez, Razzoli et al, 2013;Oliveira, Santos et al, 2014;Saleh, El-Maraghy et al, 2014;Donner, Elliott et al, 2015;Kulkarni, Jaji et al, 2015;Lai, Chen et al, 2015;Sladek, Stevens et al, 2015;Baldassano, Amato et al, 2016;Ferramosca, Conte et al, 2016;Grasa-Lopez, Miliar-Garcia et al, 2016;Marin, Rosso et al, 2016;Tung, Lin et al, 2016;Ezquer, Bahamonde et al, 2017;Nascimento-Sales, Fredo-Da-Costa et al, 2017;Ojo, Simenson et al, 2017;Oliveira, Chaves et al, 2017;Porras, Nistal et al, 2017;Sadowska, Gebczynski et al, 2017;Sharma, Kim et al, 2017;Xu, Ye et al, 2017;Li, Feng et al, 2018;Tasyurek, Eksi et al, 2018;Watanabe, Kumazaki et al, 2018) (Tabela 1).…”

“…Uma dieta rica em gordura causa aumento significativo no peso corporal dos animais a partir de 4 semanas de tratamento dietético (Ferramosca, Conte et al, 2016;Ojo, Simenson et al, 2017). Na maioria dos casos, são utilizadas as dietas com 45% ou 60% de ganho energético proveniente da gordura (Hvid, Blouin et al, 2013;Sanghez, Razzoli et al, 2013;Kulkarni, Jaji et al, 2015;Baldassano, Amato et al, 2016;Tung, Lin et al, 2016;Ezquer, Bahamonde et al, 2017) que não apenas aumenta a massa gorda, mas também afeta os perfis lipídicos e glicêmicos (Porras, Nistal et al, 2017;Sharma, Kim et al, 2017;Li, Feng et al, 2018).…”