The apraxia of speech rating scale: A tool for diagnosis and description of apraxia of speech

Strand, Edythe A.; Duffy, Joseph R.; Clark, Heather M.; Josephs, Keith A.

doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.06.008

Cited by 205 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This problem may be improved by using quantitative assessment tools for motor speech abilities. 7,23 There are several limitations in this study. First, although data were collected in a standard, preplanned fashion, the speech-language assessments were not performed in a systematic way, particularly for patients without speech deficits or aphasia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…34 Second, the diagnosis of AOS is more problematic in patients with both AOS and aphasia compared with pure AOS because phonemic paraphasia shares several speech features with AOS. 7,8 The diagnosis of AOS is further complicated with additional dysarthria in patients with subcortical lesions. This problem may be improved by using quantitative assessment tools for motor speech abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized quantitative measures for motor speech abilities should be incorporated in future studies. 7,23 Third, we may have underestimated the spatial extent of dysfunction because dysfunctional area often extends beyond the regions of infarction observed on T2WI or FLAIR in patients with acute stroke. 18 Diffusion-weighted image would be superior for detecting such areas in acute phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum diagnostic criteria for AOS were slow speech rate and distorted sound substitutions or additions. 7,8 In addition, we took into account the presence of articulatory groping, lengthened intersegment duration, and segmentation of syllables. Patients were diagnosed as having aphasia when word finding difficulty, anomia, paraphasia, or comprehension impairment were observed.…”

Section: Speech and Language Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 As each of these speech features is observed not only in AOS but also in phonemic paraphasia or dysarthria, the diagnosis of AOS is made based on specific combinations of them. 7,8 Although a considerable number of clinicoanatomic studies of AOS have been published, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] few studies have attempted to clarify brain regions associated with AOS using neuroimaging analysis of relatively large samples. Consistent with Broca initial postulation, some of these studies concluded that AOS is attributable to lesions in the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Damage to the Left Precentral Gyrus Is Associated With Apraxia of Speech in Acute Stroke

Itabashi

Nishio

Kataoka

et al. 2016

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder, which is clinically characterized by the combination of phonemic segmental changes and articulatory distortions. AOS has been believed to arise from impairment in motor speech planning/programming and differentiated from both aphasia and dysarthria. The brain regions associated with AOS are still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to address this issue in a large number of consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods-We retrospectively studied 136 patients with isolated nonlacunar infarcts in the left middle cerebral artery territory (70.5±12.9 years old, 79 males). In accordance with speech and language assessments, the patients were classified into the following groups: pure form of AOS (pure AOS), AOS with aphasia (AOS-aphasia), and without AOS (non-AOS). Voxelbased lesion-symptom mapping analysis was performed on T2-weighted images or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Using the Liebermeister method, group-wise comparisons were made between the all AOS (pure AOS plus AOSaphasia) and non-AOS, pure AOS and non-AOS, AOS-aphasia and non-AOS, and pure AOS and AOS-aphasia groups. Results-Of the 136 patients, 22 patients were diagnosed with AOS (7 patients with pure AOS and 15 patients with AOSaphasia). The voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analysis demonstrated that the brain regions associated with AOS were centered on the left precentral gyrus. Conclusions-Damage to the left precentral gyrus is associated with AOS in acute to subacute stroke patients, suggesting a role of this brain region in motor speech production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speech and Language Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Damage to the Left Precentral Gyrus Is Associated With Apraxia of Speech in Acute Stroke

Itabashi

Nishio

Kataoka

et al. 2016

Stroke

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation vs Sham Stimulation to Treat Aphasia After Stroke

et al. 2018

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IMPORTANCE Aphasia is a debilitating language disorder for which behavioral speech therapy is the most efficient treatment, but therapy outcomes are variable and full recovery is not always achieved. It remains unclear if adjunctive brain stimulation (anodal transcranial direct current stimulation [A-tDCS]) applied during aphasia therapy can improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine the futility of studying A-tDCS as an adjunctive intervention during speech therapy to improve speech production (naming) for individuals with long-term poststroke aphasia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Double-blinded, prospective randomized clinical trial using a futility design to test adjunctive A-tDCS during speech therapy. The setting was an outpatient clinic. Enrollment of individuals began in August 2012 and was completed in March 2017, and the duration of follow-up was 6 months. Analyses began in April 2017. The study recruited from a volunteer sample, and 89 patients were screened. Patients with long-term (>6 months) aphasia due to 1 previous left hemisphere stroke were enrolled. In comparing A-tDCS and sham tDCS, patients were matched based on site (University of South Carolina or Medical University of South Carolina), baseline age, type of aphasia, and aphasia severity. INTERVENTIONS Outpatient speech therapy for 3 weeks (15 sessions, 45 minutes each) combined with either A-tDCS vs sham tDCS applied to preserved left temporal lobe regions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the ability to name common objects, assessed twice before and after therapy. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were enrolled. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 60 (10) years, had 15 (2) years of education, and were 44 (40) months from stroke onset. There were 52 men (70%) and 62 non-Hispanic white individuals (84%). Most were retired or not employed (59 [80%]). Broca aphasia was the most common aphasia type (39 [52.7%]). The adjusted mean (SE) change from pretreatment baseline in correct naming was 13.9 (2.4) words (95% CI, 9.0-18.7) for A-tDCS and 8.2 (2.2) words (95% CI, 3.8-12.6) for sham tDCS, with mean (SE) A-tDCS difference of 5.7 (3.3) words (95% CI, −0.9 to 12.3), indicating a relative 70% increase in correct naming for A-tDCS relative to sham. The futility hypothesis P value was .90, indicating failure to reject the null hypothesis and, therefore, providing no evidence that further study of A-tDCS is futile. No serious adverse events were associated with A-tDCS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our findings provide motivation to proceed with another trial to study the effect of A-tDCS on the outcome of aphasia treatment in individuals poststroke. Anodal tDCS during speech therapy is feasible and potentially transformative for aphasia treatment and should be further studied.

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Non-pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia: a network meta-analysis

Roheger

Riemann

Grittner

et al. 2021

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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The apraxia of speech rating scale: A tool for diagnosis and description of apraxia of speech

Cited by 205 publications

References 8 publications

Damage to the Left Precentral Gyrus Is Associated With Apraxia of Speech in Acute Stroke

Damage to the Left Precentral Gyrus Is Associated With Apraxia of Speech in Acute Stroke

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation vs Sham Stimulation to Treat Aphasia After Stroke

Non-pharmacological interventions for improving language and communication in people with primary progressive aphasia: a network meta-analysis

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