The applications of X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the study of nanocrystalline materials and electrochemical systems

Deactivation of Palladium Electrocatalysts for Alcohols Oxidation in Basic Electrolytes

“…Indeed XAS may reveal much of the coordination environment and the oxidation state of palladium being sensitive to both chemical state and coordination environment. [32,33]. …”

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

“…[90] Unfortunately the data from HRTEM studies are relatively sparse and other structural techniques have had to be used to explore the microstructure, such as electron diffraction, [91] positron annihilation spectroscopy, [92] EXAFS measurements [93][94][95][96] and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. [97,98] In an X-ray absorption experiment the absorption coefficient, A , is measured as a function of incident photon energy as the energy is scanned across the value required for the emission of a core (K or L shell) electron, known as the absorption edge. A typical spectrum is shown in Figure 1.6, data for the Ti K-edge absorption in Ti 2 O 3.…”

“…However, The division of the spectrum into XANES and EXAFS regions is indicated. The figure also schematically shows the effect of the interference of the outgoing photoelectron wave from the target atom (A) and the backscattered wave from a neighbouring atom (S) (after [97] ) the results have been very confusing and the subject of much argument. The EXAFS data for ZrO 2 represent a typical example.…”

Investigating the processes necessary for satisfactory freeze-drying of waterlogged archaeological wood

“…On removal from the seabed and exposure to the atmosphere these sulfur compounds are readily oxidised chemically, a process which can be accelerated up to a million fold by the presence of sulfur oxidising bacteria. This presents a major problem to conservators and is being addressed with urgency (Fors, 2005;Almkvist, 2008;Savin et al, 2008).…”