The application of zero-water discharge system in treating diffuse village wastewater and its benefits in community afforestation

Synthesis, characterization and application of novel polyacrylamide‐grafted barley

“…[9][10][11][12] The removal of coal fines from coal washery effluent is carried out by using the coagulants (e.g., alum) but owing to their large dosage, nonbiodegradability, and long settling time required, 13 there is a need to replace them by better counterparts like flocculants.…”

“…Water treatment is an integral part of any industrial treatment before final discharge of effluents or for recycling purposes also. Coal mining and processing is no exception to it . The removal of coal fines from coal washery effluent is carried out by using the coagulants (e.g., alum) but owing to their large dosage, nonbiodegradability, and long settling time required, there is a need to replace them by better counterparts like flocculants.…”

Sustainable development for zero-wastewater-discharge reproduction planning under quantitative and qualitative information

“…For instance, Brik et al (2006) showed that a zero water discharge system, high loading rates efficient chemical oxygen demand removal occurs and underlining a membrane bioreactor system advantage. Wu et al (2011) suggested that the zero-water discharge system was a promising bio-measure for treating diffuse village wastewater and benefiting afforestation. Barrington and Ho (2014) used historical data and inferences from proxy data to conduct a site-wide water audit, which identified water conservation techniques that could reduce overall inputs and outputs.…”

“…Lee and Okos (2011) presented a ZWD reproduction planning that benefited the community and promoted afforestation and lowered the water discharge rate. ZWD reproduction planning is an important strategy for the paper industry (Wu et al , 2011). A membrane desalination system based on electrodialysis reversal (EDR) has been evaluated for its capacity to remove salt from treated municipal wastewater to provide a source of recycled water for horticultural applications and 82 percent water recovery (Goodman et al , 2013).…”

“…In the literature, ZWD reproduction planning is used for regeneration-recycle water systems because of the ultimate limit of waste minimization within the stringent environmental regulations and limited use of water resources. Developing a ZWD reproduction planning that utilizes substantially less water and energy, generates no waste, and reduces water usage, with economically feasible wastewater production and energy consumption, is an important strategy for the paper industry (Lee and Okos, 2011; Wu et al , 2011). For instance, Deng and Feng (2008) proposed a graphical analysis and a necessary condition for ZWD in the water treatment processes with and without water loss.…”