The Application of Various Bark Species as a Fillers for UF Resin in Plywood Manufacturing

Walkiewicz, Joanna; Kawalerczyk, Jakub; Mirski, Radosław; Dziurka, Dorota; Wieruszewski, Marek

doi:10.3390/ma15207201

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the use of rich in phenolics bark powder for this purpose is also an interesting concept (Réh et al 2019;Tudor et al 2020). Studies have shown that in the case of bark particles, their effectiveness in terms of capacity of formaldehyde removal from UF adhesive varied depending on, for example, dimensional fraction (Mirski et al 2020a) or tree species (Walkiewicz et al 2022) but the overall effect was very satisfactory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified pine needles as a formaldehyde scavenger for urea-formaldehyde resin in plywood production

Dukarska

Kawalerczyk

Kmieciak

2023

Preprint

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The aim of presented work was to investigate whether it is possible to use ground pine needles as a formaldehyde-scavenging filler for urea-formaldehyde resin in the production of plywood. The scope of the research included determinations of both optimal amount of introduced filler and the effect of its modification (silanization, hydrothermal and alkaline treatments). Properties of adhesives such as viscosity, gel time and pH were investigated and their morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Manufactured plywood were tested in terms of wet shear strength, tendency to delamination and formaldehyde emission. It was found that the addition of pine needles lowers the pH and reduces gel time of the adhesive. Moreover, it was shown that despite a significant reduction in formaldehyde emission, the addition of non-modified needles causes a decrease in bonding quality of plywood. Based on the results, 10 parts by weight of needles per 100 parts by weight of resin can be considered as optimal loading. The use of ground needles modified hydrothermally and with silane allows to minimize the negative effect on the strength of glue lines and leads to further reduction of formaldehyde emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that pine needles powder has a strong potential for the application as formaldehyde-scavenging filler for urea-formaldehyde adhesive in plywood production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified pine needles as a formaldehyde scavenger for urea-formaldehyde resin in plywood production

Dukarska

Kawalerczyk

Kmieciak

2023

Preprint

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“…Tree bark, thanks to the presence of numerous organic compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, and catechins, is also a bio‐filler that contributes to the reduction of FA emissions. [ 17 ] Research shows that UF resin can be modified with keratin through a copolymerization reaction. Through the determination of such reaction technology as the molar ratio, the addition of the keratin sequence, and the addition of the amount of keratin, a low‐toxic urea resin was finally synthesized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative study of biocomposites based on hydrochar and chitosan‐modified urea‐formaldehyde resins

Ristić¹,

Samaržija‐Jovanović²,

Jovanović³

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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To provide new insight into the field of urea‐formaldehyde (UF) adhesives science, in this work, for the first time, UF resin was modified with hydrochar of spent mushroom substrate (HCUF) and chitosan (CHUF) to investigate the effect of these bio‐fillers on the hydrolytic and thermal stability of in situ prepared UF resins. The characterization of the modified UF biocomposites was performed using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal gravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the CHUF and HCUF biocomposites show a spherical structure that differs from each other because the surface of the CHUF biocomposite has pronounced pores that form a network structure. With its hydroxyl and amino groups, chitosan bonding to UF resin through hydrogen bonds, which is confirmed by FTIR analysis. The content of free FA in CHUF biocomposite is 0.06%, while that of HCUF is higher and amounts to 0.48%. The content of released FA in both modified UF biocomposites was similar (2.5% and 2.8% for CHUF and HCUF, respectively). The hydrolytic stability of CHUF is slightly higher compared to the HCUF biocomposite. Thermal analysis shows that the CHUF is thermally more stable because it starts to decompose at a slightly higher temperature than the HCUF biocomposite.

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“…24 The use of different types of bark as a filler can contribute to the reduction of FA emissions from wood-based materials, due to the presence of numerous organic compounds, such as tannins, catechins, and flavonoids. 25 When using organic FA scavengers, chemical bonds with FA occur, thanks to the presence of functional groups in the scavengers. An additional advantage is given to these fillers because they come from renewable sources, and are non-toxic and biodegradable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amines such as ethylamine, methylamine, and propylamine were added to UF resins as FA scavengers, and the best results with a 56% reduction in FA emissions were achieved with propylamine 24 . The use of different types of bark as a filler can contribute to the reduction of FA emissions from wood‐based materials, due to the presence of numerous organic compounds, such as tannins, catechins, and flavonoids 25 . When using organic FA scavengers, chemical bonds with FA occur, thanks to the presence of functional groups in the scavengers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolytic and thermal stability of urea‐formaldehyde resins based on tannin and betaine bio‐fillers

Ristić¹,

Samaržija‐Jovanović²,

Jovanović³

et al. 2023

Vinyl Additive Technology

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In this work, betaine (trimethyl glycine) and tannin (complex biomolecules of polyphenolic nature) were used as bio‐fillers. Urea‐formaldehyde (UF) resin with a molar ratio of formaldehyde versus urea (FA/U) of 0.8 was synthesized in situ with tannin and betaine as bio‐fillers, to obtain UF resin with reduced free FA content and increased hydrolytic and thermal stability by the principles of sustainability. The samples TUF (with tannin) and BUF (with betaine) were characterized by using X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), non‐isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA), supported by data from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The percentage of free FA in modified BUF resin is 0.1%, while the percentage of free FA in tannin‐modified resin is 0.8%. The hydrolytic stability of the modified UF resins was determined by measuring the concentration of liberated FA in the modified UF resins, after acid hydrolysis. The modified BUF resin is hydrolytically more stable because the content of released FA is 3.6% compared to the modified TUF resin, where it was 7.4%. Based on the value for T5%, the more thermally stable resin is the modified TUF resin (T5% = 123.1°C), while the value of the T5% for the BUF resin is 83.1°C. This work showed how UF bio‐composite with reduced free FA content and increased hydrolytic and thermal stability can be obtained using tannin and betaine as bio‐fillers.

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The Application of Various Bark Species as a Fillers for UF Resin in Plywood Manufacturing

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

Modified pine needles as a formaldehyde scavenger for urea-formaldehyde resin in plywood production

Modified pine needles as a formaldehyde scavenger for urea-formaldehyde resin in plywood production

The comparative study of biocomposites based on hydrochar and chitosan‐modified urea‐formaldehyde resins

Hydrolytic and thermal stability of urea‐formaldehyde resins based on tannin and betaine bio‐fillers

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