The application of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, fullerene, and graphene nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to have good ability to improve the targeting and delivery of therapeutics. In the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT), this targeting advantage of NPs could help ensure drug delivery at specific sites. Among the commonly reported NPs for PDT applications, NPs from zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and fullerene are commonly reported. In addition, graphene has also been reported to be used as NPs albeit being relatively new to this field. In this context, the present review is organized by these different NPs and contains numerous research works related to PDT applications. The effectiveness of these NPs for PDT is discussed in detail by collecting all essential information described in the literature. The information thus assembled could be useful in designing new NPs specific for PDT and/or PTT applications in the future.

Metallic Ti3O5 hierarchical porous microspheres with an enhanced photothermal property

“…Recently, some research reported that the titanium oxides nanoparticles could be used as photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent by utilizing its strong UV absorption. [34][35][36] However, the cancer therapeutics of titanium oxides is not adequately explored, particularly NIR induced PTT of titanium oxides has not been reported so far.…”

Ultrasound Activated Nano TiO2 Loaded With Temozolomide Paves the Way for Resection of Chemo-resistant Glioblastoma Multiforme

“…The nanotechnology-based approaches have also been more e cient in drug delivery to targeted tissues (viz brain) as compared to free drugs (Srikanth and Kessler 2012, Mi, Shao et al 2016, Rehman 2020, Younas Iqbal, Wang et al 2020. For instance, nanoscale TiO 2 has been reported with promising biomedical applications and higher biocompatibility that has already been recognized by FDA , Youssef, Vanderesse et al 2017. The TiO 2 nanosticks provide a large surface area and e cient scaffold for drug delivery due to their porous nature.…”

New Targeted Gold Nanorods for the Treatment of Glioblastoma by Photodynamic Therapy

“…NPs can be organic (liposomes, micelles, microspheres), inorganic silica-based, semi-conductors (TiO 2 , ZnO), magnetic (Fe 2 O 3 ), metallic (silver, gold in its nanoparticle and nanorod shapes), cyclodextrins etc. [4,5,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. In addition, some NPs have been designed to combine PDT and photothermal therapy (PTT), thus improving cancer treatment [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”