The application of solid fluoride electrolytes in chemical sensors

Fergus, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1016/s0925-4005(97)00193-7

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…During ball milling the number density of defect sites usually increases which causes the bulk ionic conductivity also to increase as compared to the more ordered, single crystalline state. This effect has, in particular, been shown for oxides such as LiNbO 3 [16] and LiTaO 3 [17]. Recently, a quite similar enhancement has been reported for LiAlO 2 [18] and Li 2 TiO 3 [19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…In Fig is almost fulfilled; experimentally we obtain 6:1.7:0.92 indicating vacant F sites in the La-rich regions of LaF 3 . Because of charge neutrality one may suspect that we have a La deficient binary fluoride at hand where F anions preferentially fill the F1 sites rather than the F2 and F3 sites.…”

Section: F Mas Nmrmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Ba 2þ has a larger ionic radius (135 pm) than La 3þ . Starting with undoped LaF 3 it is expected that also the ionic conductivity of nanocrystalline La 1Àx Sr x F 3Àx (with x 0:1) significantly changes with SrF 2 incorporation [11]. As seen for other systems, see Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…They constitute an important part in many devices such as sensors [3] and those constructed for electrochemical energy storage [4,5]. Apart from Li and Na ion conductors, also materials with high F anion conductivity have increasingly attracted attention [6], because there is renewed interest in the realization of batteries with fluorine anions as main charge carriers [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. In the pioneering work of Wang and Grey F anion exchange processes in LaF 3 were studied by high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It turned out that fast F1-F1 exchange processes markedly determine ionic conductivity in the tysonite structure, whereas the F1-(F2,F3) hopping processes are less frequent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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F anion dynamics in cation-mixed nanocrystalline LaF3: SrF2

2018

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Ion dynamics in nanocrystalline materials can be quite different compared to that in materials with lm-sized crystallites. In particular, the substitution of isoor aliovalent ions opens pathways to systematically control ion transport properties. Here we studied the incorporation of SrF 2 into the tysonite structure of LaF 3 and its effect on F À transport. High-energy ball milling directly transforms the binary fluorides in a structurally disordered, phase pure nanocrystalline ceramic. Compared to Sr-free LaF 3 , ionic conductivity could be increased by several orders of magnitude. We attribute this enhancement to the generation of lattice strain and the formation of F defect sites. In agreement with this increase, the activation energy E a of long-range ionic transport in the solid solution La 1Àx Sr x F 3Àx significantly decreases from 0.75 eV (x ¼ 0) to 0.49 eV (x ¼ 0:1).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: F Mas Nmrmentioning

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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F anion dynamics in cation-mixed nanocrystalline LaF3: SrF2

2018

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Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

Fergus

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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Solid electrolytes are well suited for use in chemical sensors for high-temperature applications. The first such sensors followed from the use of solid electrolytes for thermodynamic measurements, and are based on galvanic cells, for which the open circuit voltage is related to the concentration of the mobile ionic species, or to another target species through equilibration at the electrode surface. However, sensors can also be based on nonequilibrium, but steady-state, potentials established between electrochemical reactions at the electrode. Another approach is to use the current passing through the electrolyte, rather than the voltage across the electrolyte, as the sensor signal. In this chapter we first describe the different methods for using solid electrolytes in chemical sensors, and then discuss some of the materials challenges and example applications. IntroductionMore than 50 years ago, Kiukkola and Wagner [1] demonstrated that solid electrolytes couldbeusedingalvaniccellstomeasurethethermodynamicpropertiesofoxides.Those pioneering studies subsequently led to the more practical application of solid electrolytes in chemical sensors. The ionic conduction in solid electrolytes is thermally activated and thus its rate increases with increasing temperature; consequently, solid electrolytes are well suited for high-temperature applications. On the other hand, such temperature dependencealsomeansthatsensorsbasedonsolidelectrolytescanrespondsluggishlyor may be inoperable at low temperatures. However, one of the advantages of solid-state devices, such as those based on solid electrolytes, is that they can be miniaturized [2,3]. Decreasingthedevicedimensionsreducesdiffusionlengths,whichinturndecreasesthe response time and thus also the minimum operating temperature.Ionic conducting solids can be used in a variety of different types of sensor [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Solids forwhichthe ionicconductivity is much largerthanthe electronic conductivity can Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Solid Fluoride Electrolytes in Chemical Sensors

Fergus

1998

ChemInform

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The application of solid fluoride electrolytes in chemical sensors

Cited by 80 publications

References 100 publications

F anion dynamics in cation-mixed nanocrystalline LaF3: SrF2

F anion dynamics in cation-mixed nanocrystalline LaF3: SrF2

Electrochemical Sensors: Fundamentals, Key Materials, and Applications

ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Solid Fluoride Electrolytes in Chemical Sensors

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