The Application of Postactivation Potentiation Methods to Improve Sprint Speed

Abstract

THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE APPLICATION OF A VARIETY OF MODALITIES TO ELICIT A POSTACTIVATION POTENTIATION (PAP) RESPONSE IN SPRINTING. WE PRESENT THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF BACK SQUATS, POWER CLEANS, PLYOMETRICS, AND SLED PULLING ON SPRINT DISTANCES RANGING FROM 5 TO 50 M. WE ALSO DISCUSS AND PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW COACHES CAN ASSESS THE INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS OF PAP PROTOCOLS ON THEIR ATHLETES TO IDENTIFY WHETHER A PROTOCOL ELICITS AN ACUTE IMPROVEMENT OR IMPAIRMENT IN PERFORMANCE. FINALLY, WE PROVIDE PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS ON HOW COACHES CAN INCORPORATE THESE METHODS INTO A SPRINT TRAINING SESSION.

Bench press exercise performed as conditioning activity improves shot put performance in untrained subjects

“…The obtained d values were used to define trivial (d < 0.2), small (0.2 < d < 0.5), medium (0.5 < d < 0.8) and large (d > 0.8) effect sizes 19 . In addition, individual responses were assessed by taking into account a threshold of 1.5 times the typical error 14,20 . Subjects who had shot put performance greater and lower than 1.5 times typical error were considered positive and negative responders, respectively 14 .…”

“…As described above, the PAP depends on the individual characteristics 6,7 . Thus, it seems more appropriate to evaluate the effects of PAP protocols individually, since in the same group there may be subjects responding positively and others not 14 . Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of bench press exercise performed as conditioning activity on shot put performance in untrained subjects.…”

Avaliação e controlo do treino: Informação ou ruído?

“…Por outro lado, o fenómeno de PAP poderá induzir alguma melhoria na prestação, sobrestimando o valor obtido. Ainda por cima, a forma como a fadiga e PAP se instalam e se relacionam é altamente individualizada (15) , dificultando o estabelecimento de normas médias. todos estes fatores se tornam profundamente mais complexos quando se percebe que as realizações de testes de 1RM não se limitam, no processo de treino, a um único exercício.…”

Efectos de la inclusión de ejercicios de salto con y sin sobrecarga externa en el calentamiento sobre parámetros de rendimiento físico en atletas jóvenes de balonmano

“…Esto ha sido explicado por distintos mecanismos fisiológicos como un aumento en la fosforilización de las cadenas ligeras que regulan la miosina, incremento del reclutamiento de unidades motoras de orden superior o también cambios en el ángulo de penación (Healy y Comyns, 2017;Hodgson, Docherty y Robbins, 2005;Tillin y Bishop, 2009). En general, se han utilizado distintos mecanismos para generar el PAP, como pesos libres para realizar back squat o power cleans, pliometría con el peso corporal o utilizando chalecos ponderados, o carreras con trineos de arrastre (Healy y Comyns, 2017), por lo que existen diferencias en cuanto a las cargas, cantidad de repeticiones y tiempo de descanso necesario (Gołaś, Maszczyk, Zajac, Mikołajec & Stastny, 2016;Healy & Comyns, 2017;Kobal et al, 2019;Seitz & Haff, 2016).…”