The application of polymer crystal growth theory to the kinetics of formation of the B-amylose polymorph in a 50% wheat-starch gel

Studies on the hydrothermal modifications of new cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) starch

“…In previous works, retrogradation of starches has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry, DSC [3,33,34], X-ray diffraction [35], FTIR [36] and NMR [37].…”

Recent advances of starch-based excipients used in extended-release tablets: a review

“…Meanwhile, starch paste is recrystallized, thus raising the enzymatic resistance (Tako et al, 1996), the amount and polymorph of which are relevant to the retrogradation conditions such as temperature and retrogradation rate. Commonly, the polymorph of retrograded starch contains more B-type crystals characterized by double helices (Marsh & Blanshard, 1988), and adding water can mobilize the starch chains. Starch is optimally retrograded and recrystallized at 4 C and 50%-60% of water content.…”

Starch Retrogradation

“…Below the glass transition temperature (T), nucleation is unlikely to occur due to the extremely high viscosity of the system (Marsh and Blanshard, 1988), making molecular mobility difficult. As the sample is heated and enters into the rubbery state, the dramatic decrease in viscosity that occurs results in a dramatic increase in the rate of nucleation.…”

“…As the sample is heated and enters into the rubbery state, the dramatic decrease in viscosity that occurs results in a dramatic increase in the rate of nucleation. However, as the temperature increases further, the rate of nucleation decreases, due to the nuclei melting out and the critical nucleus size increasing (Marsh and Blanshard, 1988). Yet at the same time, due to the temperature increase, the mobility of the molecules increases, leading to an increase in the rate of growth.…”

“…Many of the theories that have been developed in synthetic polymer science have also been applied to biopolyrners. The theory developed to describe the growth of chain-folded synthetic polymer crystals (Lauritzen and Hoffman, 1973) was later used to describe the kinetics of starch retrogradation (Marsh and Blanshard, 1988;Farhat and Blanshard, 2001). …”