“…Virus nanoparticles (VNPs) are self-assembling supramolecular systems that can be used to develop bioinspired nanomaterials and nanocarriers due to their simple and inexpensive production, well-defined structural features, unique shapes and sizes, genetic programmability, and robust chemistries. − VNPs based on plant viruses are particularly advantageous in medicine because they are biocompatible and biodegradable, but the plant viruses do not infect humans and other mammals. Such VNPs can carry drugs, imaging agents, and other nanoparticles in their internal cavity by assembly, infusion, or internal surface modification, and the external surface can be chemically or genetically engineered to attach targeting ligands for tissue-specific delivery. − Plant VNPs have already overcome many of the challenges of nanoparticle delivery, such as low stability in biological fluids, and in some cases, targeting specificity. − We and several others have established a broad range of plant VNPs such as those based on Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), Brome mosaic virus (BMV), Potato virus X (PVX), and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and further viruses are also being tested. ,,, …”