“…In the development of FODDAS, it is essential to be familiar with various major types of fibre optic sensor and associated optical properties that are employed to measure mechanical strains. The general terminologies and optical principles of fibre optic sensors and sensor networks have been discussed and reviewed elsewhere [1,4,5,7,30,101,[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113]. However, some of the basic terms useful for late discussion are briefly summarized in the following.…”
Section: Fibre Optic Sensors For Strain Measurementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although they are relatively easy to construct and do not require complex instrumentation and signal processing, intensity-modulated sensors provide only limited information, as they require knowledge on the location of damage. In general, they are susceptible to light fluctuations [106], or light loss associated with microbending in the optical fibres [5]. They also suffer from the lead-fibre sensitivity or the lack of a clearly defined sensing region [1].…”
Section: Intensity-modulated Sensormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensing region is formed by the differential path length between the mirrored ends of the two parallel fibres, as illustrated in figure 2(b). Although this type of sensor is very easy to build with high sensitivity, it has three major drawbacks: phase preservation at the fibre-host interface, a greater degree of upsetting the host and being more vulnerable to noise interference [5,6,79,115].…”
Section: Interferometric Sensor-generalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Detrimental barely visible impact damage (BVID) usually caused by low-energy impact is a particular case, and it could significantly degrade structural performance due to induced interior delamination. Therefore, an effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for damage interrogation and continuous monitoring of structural integrity is of great interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], especially to aircraft and spacecraft [9-11, 148, 154], weapon systems [11] and marine vessels [26,32,33,68] in which composite structures are extensively used. Most conventional NDE techniques such as ultrasonic C-scan, x-ray, thermography and eddy current 1 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”
A state-of-the-art review is presented regarding the research and development of
in situ fibre optic damage detection and assessment systems (FODDAS)
embedded in fibre-reinforced composite structures. Representative individual fibre
optic strain sensors and distributed sensor networks are briefly described. A major
emphasis is placed on their capabilities for detecting damage, determining damage
location and assessing the nature of damage, arising primarily from specific events
such as impacts or quasi-static stress overloads. The main features of such systems
as custom-built and structure-specific units with minimal human involvement are
highlighted. Issues that could affect the validity of the performance of
such strain sensors are discussed. Fracture and non-fracture of fibre optic
sensors are identified as two fundamentally different approaches for damage
detection and their primary features are discussed in relation to location
determination and evaluation of the nature of damage. The major advantages and
limitations of each approach are discussed. Directions and areas of potential
future research in the development of related FODDAS are highlighted.
“…In the development of FODDAS, it is essential to be familiar with various major types of fibre optic sensor and associated optical properties that are employed to measure mechanical strains. The general terminologies and optical principles of fibre optic sensors and sensor networks have been discussed and reviewed elsewhere [1,4,5,7,30,101,[106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113]. However, some of the basic terms useful for late discussion are briefly summarized in the following.…”
Section: Fibre Optic Sensors For Strain Measurementmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although they are relatively easy to construct and do not require complex instrumentation and signal processing, intensity-modulated sensors provide only limited information, as they require knowledge on the location of damage. In general, they are susceptible to light fluctuations [106], or light loss associated with microbending in the optical fibres [5]. They also suffer from the lead-fibre sensitivity or the lack of a clearly defined sensing region [1].…”
Section: Intensity-modulated Sensormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The sensing region is formed by the differential path length between the mirrored ends of the two parallel fibres, as illustrated in figure 2(b). Although this type of sensor is very easy to build with high sensitivity, it has three major drawbacks: phase preservation at the fibre-host interface, a greater degree of upsetting the host and being more vulnerable to noise interference [5,6,79,115].…”
Section: Interferometric Sensor-generalmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Detrimental barely visible impact damage (BVID) usually caused by low-energy impact is a particular case, and it could significantly degrade structural performance due to induced interior delamination. Therefore, an effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for damage interrogation and continuous monitoring of structural integrity is of great interest [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], especially to aircraft and spacecraft [9-11, 148, 154], weapon systems [11] and marine vessels [26,32,33,68] in which composite structures are extensively used. Most conventional NDE techniques such as ultrasonic C-scan, x-ray, thermography and eddy current 1 Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”
A state-of-the-art review is presented regarding the research and development of
in situ fibre optic damage detection and assessment systems (FODDAS)
embedded in fibre-reinforced composite structures. Representative individual fibre
optic strain sensors and distributed sensor networks are briefly described. A major
emphasis is placed on their capabilities for detecting damage, determining damage
location and assessing the nature of damage, arising primarily from specific events
such as impacts or quasi-static stress overloads. The main features of such systems
as custom-built and structure-specific units with minimal human involvement are
highlighted. Issues that could affect the validity of the performance of
such strain sensors are discussed. Fracture and non-fracture of fibre optic
sensors are identified as two fundamentally different approaches for damage
detection and their primary features are discussed in relation to location
determination and evaluation of the nature of damage. The major advantages and
limitations of each approach are discussed. Directions and areas of potential
future research in the development of related FODDAS are highlighted.
“…Once again, intensity-based damage detection techniques have been reported previously [10 ]. However, these suffer from the limitations mentioned above [11 ]. In general, the processing of FRCs involves two main stages [12 ].…”
This paper reports for the first time a demonstration of chemical process monitoring of conventional glass fibre reinforced composites where the reinforcing fibres themselves act as the optical fibre sensors. These fibres were used to study in real-time, the rate of chemical reaction between an epoxy resin and an amine hardener. These reinforcing fibre light guides were also subsequently used to study, in situ, the fracture sequence of the reinforcing fibres. This was achieved by imaging one end of the fibre bundle whilst illuminating the opposite end.
The ohmic contact and photoresponse of a ZnO single crystal film by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) were investigated. The electrical and photoresponsive changes in the ZnO film due to RF sputter deposition of SiO 2 (antireflection coating) were also discussed. The experimental results show that the non-alloyed Al/Au metallization scheme forms good ohmic contact on n-type ZnO, RF sputter deposition of SiO 2 induces defects which behave as carrier traps and prolong response time, and the photoresponse of ZnO epitaxial film deteriorates with time.
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