The application of liquid air energy storage for large scale long duration solutions to grid balancing

Brett, Gareth; Barnett, Matthew

doi:10.1051/epjconf/20137903002

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…978-1-5386-8549-5/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE liquefaction device to compress and refrigerate air to its liquid state, and then liquid air is stored in a low pressure insulated tank. In the process of discharging, liquid air is pumped to a heat exchanger at a high pressure that evaporates air and then expanded in a turbine to drive a coupled generator to produce electricity [11,12].…”

Section: A the General Concept Of Laesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Scheduling of Multi-Carrier Energy Networks Considering Liquid Air Energy Storage

Wang

et al. 2018

2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

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Energy storage technologies are crucial to the future integrated energy system (IES) in the context of energy internet (EI). Liquid air energy storage (LAES) technology has been widely researched and implemented in the United Kingdom, since there are no special restrictions on geography compared to other technologies. However, there is little attention on LAES in China. In this paper, a linear programming model for the optimal scheduling of multicarrier energy networks considering LAES is established based on the concept of cryogenic energy hub, that is LAES-HUB. The results show that the daily operation cost of LAES-HUB model is 43735.28 RMB, which is even higher than the energy networks works without LEAS. LAES can achieve load shifting through peak and off-peak operations, providing an auxiliary function for energy balance in multi-carrier energy networks.

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Section: A the General Concept Of Laesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there was little attention in the implementation of liquid air energy storage (LAES) technology in China. LAES is a promising and one of the few storage technologies that can achieve large-scale applications without geographical restrictions, which is relatively mature and has been commercialized in the United Kingdom [11,12].…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling of Multi-Carrier Energy Networks Considering Liquid Air Energy Storage

Wang

et al. 2018

2018 2nd IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

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“…The liquid air is stored in a low-pressure insulated tank, an easily accessed energy storage repository, with minimal risk to the environment or personnel except for the very cold temperatures that one could accidentally be exposed to in the event of a leak or rupture. At the appropriate time that power is required, either when the price is high or the renewable system is inactive, liquid air is pumped to about 7 MPa (1,000 psi) and evaporated through a turbine system (Brett & Barnett 2014). The evaporation and subsequent expansion of the air as it increases in temperature by absorption of heat from the ambient surroundings, produces gaseous air that is capable of providing the pressure necessary to power the turbine resulting in useful work to generate electricity.…”

Section: Cryogenic Liquids Production and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source of the hot and cold can be external and additive as well. Heat from industrial process or cold from the expansion of liquid natural gas can significantly increase the round trip efficiency of energy arbitrage (Brett & Barnett 2014). The hot and cold can also be used for other purposes in mining, such as redirecting the heat to the downcast shaft in winter to warm the air.…”

Section: Cryogenic Liquids Production and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in cryogenic chilling technology for deep mines

Cluff¹,

Foster²

2017

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Underground Mining Technology

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Deep mining presents a challenging environment for materials handling, but geotechnical and thermodynamic aspects are among the most problematic. In this paper, the development of cryogenic chilling and the impact of ancillary cryogenic technologies is discussed. Cryogenic chilling is a straight forward system based on technologies that have benefited from over a century of engineering; thus, are reliable and easily purchased from numerous suppliers. As the depth increases, the simple extension of the delivery piping and installation of local storage and vaporiser systems is all that is required. There is no return circuit required as the liquid exits the vaporiser to become part of the ventilation airflow. This paper will provide an understanding of the physics of cryogenic chilling and preliminary designs of the technologies required to deliver the chilling. The concept of chilling on demand is discussed in terms of providing consistent temperatures given varying heat loads. The introduction of electric vehicles to deep mining has the impact of potentially reducing the ventilation flow by 40 to 50% of that required by legislation when diesel equipment is in use; however, this leads to a high susceptibility to larger temperature changes for lesser amounts of heat introduced. This can be problematic if the flow cannot be increased to carry the heat away, say, just after a blast or in an area that has several electric vehicles in operation, which could produce temperatures beyond the allowable working limits rather quickly. Cryogenic chilling is an on demand system, able to respond rapidly by simply increasing the liquid flow. Not only does the liquid air provide chilling, it replaces some of the air that would be drawn from the surface, which can significantly reduce the main fan power. The concept of cryogenic chilling provides an opportunity for a chilling option that has additional uses, which can be implemented to offset the capital expenditure due to economies of scale. The scaling factor for a liquid air plant is about 0.45, so doubling the capacity from 2,000 to 4,000 tpd requires only 36% more capital expenditure and allows for the option to take advantage of ancillary markets such as the sale of oxygen and argon to the industrial market. Since mines are often remote, energy is expensive, but a cryogenic energy storage system in conjunction with wind or solar power provides for a greater energy penetration. A brief discussion of the energy storage technology is provided in the introduction. Availability of liquid air also provides the opportunity for compressed air on demand systems that deliver chilling simultaneously. An emerging cryogenic vehicle technology from the Dearman Engine Company does the exact opposite of diesel engines; for a 100 kW Dearman engine, about 200 kW of cooling is concurrently delivered in situ. In the near future a techno-economic analysis for the total cost of ownership comparison between a Dearman engine versus a diesel engine will be provided.

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“…Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is an innovative and leading universal industrial energy storage technology [18][19][20][21]. The idea of LAES began in 1977 at the University of Newcastle, and was tested by Mitsubishi Industries Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) in 1998 [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis on an Integrated Liquefied Air Energy Storage and Electricity Generation System

Xie

Xue

2018

Energies

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For an integrated liquefied air energy storage and electricity generation system, mathematical models of the liquefied air energy storage and electricity generation process are established using a thermodynamic theory. The effects of the outlet pressure of the compressor unit, the outlet pressure of the cryogenic pump, the heat exchanger effectiveness, the initial air temperature and pressure before throttling on the performances of the integrated liquefied air energy storage, and the electricity generation system are investigated, using the cycle efficiency and liquid air yield ratio as the evaluation indexes. The results show that if the compressor outlet pressure is raised, both the compression work and the expansion work increase, but because the expansion work increases more slowly, the cycle efficiency of the system gradually decreases. Increasing the cryogenic pump outlet pressure and heat exchanger effectiveness can significantly increase the cycle efficiency of the system; the higher the air pressure and the lower the air temperature before throttling, the greater the liquid air yield after expansion, and the higher the cycle efficiency. The theoretical analysis models and research results can provide a reference for the development of an integrated system of liquefied air energy storage and electricity production, as well as for the development of medium-capacity energy storage technology.

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The application of liquid air energy storage for large scale long duration solutions to grid balancing

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Optimal Scheduling of Multi-Carrier Energy Networks Considering Liquid Air Energy Storage

Optimal Scheduling of Multi-Carrier Energy Networks Considering Liquid Air Energy Storage

Advances in cryogenic chilling technology for deep mines

Thermodynamic Analysis on an Integrated Liquefied Air Energy Storage and Electricity Generation System

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