The application of laser scanning confocal microscopy to the examination of hairs and textile fibers: An initial investigation

Analysis of Hair Coat of Dachshund of Longhaired, Shorthaired, and Wirehaired Variety

“…Results of the studies concerning hair coat contribute to more detailed knowledge of mammals. The morphological analysis of hairs is also a valuable method of identification used in forensic sciences (14,21). Numerous papers concerning veterinary aspects of dogs' hair coat (3,5,10,11,16,20), influence of nutrition on coat quality and health status of skin (17,19), histological aspects of hair cycle in dogs (1), or coat differentiation depending on genotype (2,15) are available in the literature.…”

Forensic comparison of synthetic fibers

“…In most cases, microscopic images can be generated immediately, but for highly delustered fibers and those with internal voids, longer scan times are required. [17] Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR microscopy) is used classically to compare fibers and in forensic and industrial analysis due to it sensitivity to minor variations in the polymer structure. FT-IR microscopy [18] is an important technique in characterizing the fibers of natural versus synthetic, organic, and inorganic nature.…”

“…The long wavy arrows represent the focused laser beam, the vertical wavy arrow represents the fluorescence emission recorded by the detector, and the small spheres represent the small ellipsoidal volume elements of the specimen that are responsible for the emission recorded by the detector. [17] (B) Virtual cross sections of several textile fibers (not to scale). All images were collected using 405-nm laser excitation and ×63 magnification.…”

“…the top of the fiber relative to the microscope objective). [17] The most common polyester fibers are PET. Figure 5 depicts the comparison of IR and Raman spectra of the PET fiber.…”

Analysis of Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection by Mass Spectrometry in Forensic Samples

“…Examples of trace evidence are, not limited to, examinations of glass, fiber, paint, debris, gunshot residue (GSR), building material, inks, toners, fingerprint residue and among others [13][14][15][16][17]. A variety of analytical techniques, including use of UVvisible microspectrophotometry [18], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with total attenuated reflectance (ATR) [19], Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) [20], scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersed X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) [21], inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) [22], atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) [23], scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) [24], atomic force microscopy (AFM) [25], confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) [26], gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GCMS) [27] capillary electrophoresis [28] (CE) , and laser inducedbreakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [29], have been used to provide fundamental knowledge and insightful information for forensic cases. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is also used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of explosives, ink, paints, pigments and tissues [30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”