The application of inferior vena cava filters in orthopaedics and current research advances

Abstract

Deep vein thrombosis is a common clinical peripheral vascular disease that occurs frequently in orthopaedic patients and may lead to pulmonary embolism (PE) if the thrombus is dislodged. pulmonary embolism can be prevented by placing an inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) to intercept the dislodged thrombus. Thus, IVCFs play an important role in orthopaedics. However, the occurrence of complications after inferior vena cava filter placement, particularly recurrent thromboembolism, makes it necessary to carefully assess the risk-benefit of filter placement. There is no accepted statement as to whether IVCF should be placed in orthopaedic patients. Based on the problems currently displayed in the use of IVCFs, an ideal IVCF is proposed that does not affect the vessel wall and haemodynamics and intercepts thrombi well. The biodegradable filters that currently exist come close to the description of an ideal filter that can reduce the occurrence of various complications. Currently available biodegradable IVCFs consist of various organic polymeric materials. Biodegradable metals have shown good performance in making biodegradable IVCFs. However, among the available experimental studies on degradable filters, there are no experimental studies on filters made of degradable metals. This article reviews the use of IVCFs in orthopaedics, the current status of filters and the progress of research into biodegradable vena cava filters and suggests possible future developments based on the published literature by an electronic search of PubMed and Medline databases for articles related to IVCFs searchable by October 2022 and a manual search for citations to relevant studies.

Optimizing inferior vena cava filter design: A computational fluid dynamics study on strut configuration for enhanced hemodynamic performance and thrombosis reduction

“…In areas of low wall shear stress, stagnation, and recirculating flow, it supports the accumulation of thrombin and fibrin, potentially leading to thrombosis [ 16 , 17 ]. The efficacy and stability of IVCFs after placement continue to be a problem in modern medicine, and local hemodynamics near the filter play an important role in determining filter efficacy [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Numerical simulation and in vitro experimental study of the hemodynamic performance of vena cava filters with helical forms

“…For the prevention of pulmonary embolism, IVCF has been widely used and shown to have value in preventing PE [10][11][12]. since the initial umbrella IVCF proposed by K.M.…”

CFD Study on Hemodynamic Characteristics of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Affected by Blood Vessel Diameter

“…In the United States, the number of new cases is about 300,000-600,000 per year, with about 60,000-100,000 deaths due to it [6]. The main therapeutic measure for PE is anticoagulation [7][8][9]. When anticoagulation is contraindicated or ineffective in patients with PE, implantation of an inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) in their IVC has become an effective means of preventing PE [10][11][12].…”