The Application of Inertial Measurement Units and Wearable Sensors to Measure Selected Physiological Indicators in Archery

Abstract

The requirement for objective techniques to observe physical action in its distinctive measurements has prompted the improvement and broad utilisation of motion sensors called Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), which measures bodily movements. However, although these sensors have been utilised to measure postural balance in both clinical and some specific sports, little or no effort have been made to apply these sensors to the measurement of other physiological indicators in the sport of archery. This study aims to ascertain the postural balance, hand movement, muscular activation as well as heart rate of an archer. An archer was instructed to perform two balance standings, two hand movements and his muscular activations of flexor and extensor digitorum, as well as heart rate, were recorded using Shimmer sensors. The mean movement of x and y-axis of the archer was used to correlate with the Pearson correlation for testing the validity of the sensors. Kolmogorov/Smirnov test was utilised to measure the reliability of the sensors over test re-test in two different tests. The coefficient of determination indicates some positive and negative significant relationships between some indicators. The Kolmogorov/Smirnov test re-test reveals a significant difference between all the indicators in both tests A and B, p < 0.001. The archer was able to present two types of postural standings and exhibited two hands movement while holding the bow. However, his heart rate demonstrated some variability during the executions of the movement in both tests. Thus, it could be concluded that the fusion sensors are reliable in measuring the aforementioned physiological indicators.

Development of measuring tools for muscle strength and endurance arm for archery sport holding bow digitec test

“…In archery, besides having the correct archery technique, it is also necessary to have strong arm muscle strength and endurance. In line with the research of Taha et al (2017) an athlete must improve the quality of the biomtor components including the strength and endurance of the arm muscles, according to Hidayat et al (2016) an athlete doing archery towards the target, must be in a state that the muscles are ready to cooperate with other elements to release arrows and maintain shot accuracy, this will result in shot stability. Other factors that support the success of archery are maintaining balance, controlling emotions, increasing self-confidence, being able to read the direction of the wind well and always being calm (Turna, 2020).…”

“…Archery itself is a static sport that requires good physical conditions, namely strength and endurance, especially in the upper body muscles (Fahrizqi et al, 2021;Hardi et al, 2020). Archery is a sport that requires, and balance to form a good archery technique (Arkin & Budak, 2021;Taha et al, 2017). Archery is one of Indonesia's leading sports, because archery athletes from Indonesia are able to be competitive in prestigious events such as the World Cup Archery by winning medals at the event (Ichsanudin & Gumantan, 2020).…”

Untitled

“…The reference electrode was located over the anterior superior iliac spine. All the procedures for the electrodes placement were conducted by the recommendations of the previous researchers (Gracovetsky, 2010;Taha et al, 2017). A detail description of the entire data collection procedure is provided in Figure 2.…”

Secure and reliable patient body motion based authentication approach for medical body area networks

“…The wearable sensors are capable of measuring physiological signs such as electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG), heart rate (HR), body temperature, electrodermal activity (EDA), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure (BP) and respiration rate (RR). On the other hand, advances in wireless communications technology have overcome most of the geographical, temporal, and even organizational barriers to facilitate a completely roaming way of transferring medical data and records [3,4,5,6,10].…”