The application of hydrated mineral fillers as fire retardant and smoke suppressing additives for polymers

Abstract

The characteristics of hydrated mineral fillers are discussed with reference to their use as fire retardant additives for polymers. Particular consideration is given to their mode of action and criteria which influence their performance, both in reducing polymer flammability and in suppressing smoke evolution during combustion. Methods for reducing their adverse effect on mechanical properties of the host polymer are also highlighted.

Flame retardant and thermal decomposition properties of flexible polyurethane foams filled with several halogen-free flame retardants

“…MH provides effective flame retarding effects by heat absorption and formation insulating protective char layer . Wang et al found that MH could decrease smoke yield of LLDPE by the examination of cone calorimeter tests and previously Hornsby et al found the similar results and convinced that the generated magnesium oxide catalyzed the oxidation of carbon to CO and CO 2 , resulting in smoke reduction. However, the yields of CO and CO 2 at different temperature should be further verified.…”

Combustion Emissions Analysis of Wood-Based Waste Processing-Materials

“…PF and MDI provided a better yield of char at about 24.88 and 20.61 wt%, respectively, at 850°C. This showed that theirthermal behavior was better than that of UF (5.40 wt%) or MUF (6.99 wt%), as the proposed action mechanism is based on the charred layer acting as a physical barrier, which slows down heat, and results in mass transfers between the gas and condensation phases (Camino et al, 1993, Hornsby, 1996and Zhu & Shi, 2001). Figure 5 shows the Infrared spectrometric (IR) response of the four types of adhesives in the TGA-IR measurements.…”

Modeling the Endothermic Decomposition of Hydrated Solids

“…They also have an added benefit of leaving behind a protective microporous layer of the metal oxide after dehydration. Hornsby [1] neatly summarizes the FR properties of hydrated mineral fillers and also briefly explores their compatibility in polymeric systems.…”