The Application of Expectation and Standard Deviation Calculations in the Evaluation of Dissolved Arsenic in the Pu River, Liaoning Province, Northeastern China

Flow regimes and pressure drop of a composite tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray under concurrent gas‐liquid flow

“…The change caused in either an abrupt increase or decrease in the resistance of the gas‐liquid two‐phase flow through the tray, which caused pressure fluctuations. The size of the standard deviation reflected the fluctuation in the pressure difference, as well as the size of the interaction between the gas and the liquid when passing through the tray 18,23 . Figure 6A illustrates that in the gas‐liquid parameters of the experiment with a constant L w , the standard deviation of the pressure difference featured an initial increment followed by a steady trend.…”

“…ence, as well as the size of the interaction between the gas and the liquid when passing through the tray. 18,23 Figure 6A illustrates that in the gas-liquid parameters of the experiment with a constant L w , the standard deviation of the pressure difference featured an initial increment followed by a steady trend. With an increase in F s , the degree of gas-liquid mixing gradually increased, and consequently the curve gradually increased.…”

“…The fitting index k in Equation ( 20) is 66.023, the fitting index q in Equation ( 21) is 16.668, and the fitting value j in Equation ( 15) is 0.244, the correlation coefficient R 2 = 0.952. Substitute Equations (22), (23) into Equations ( 20), (21), respectively, and the calculation formulas of C 1 and C 2 will be obtained. Substitute Equations ( 20), When the other parameters of the tray were fixed, the pressure drop of the internal packing-type tray was approximately 12% higher than that of the external packing-type tray.…”

The Application of Numerical Characteristics to the Distribution Characteristics of Copper in the Liao River, China

“…The research area has a total length of 89 km. We trans-form the spatial coordinate 0 km ≤ x ≤ 89 km into unit interval 0 km ≤ x ≤ 1 km for simplifying the calculation [9]. According to the morphology and hydrology of the Liao River, thirteen water and sediment sampling stations were chosen to investigate the concentrations of copper in water and sediment of the Liao River on 23 June, 2018 (Figure 1).…”

“…Borah et al investigated heavy metal contamination of groundwater with respect to cadmium, manganese, zinc and copper in India by using univariate K. Zhang, X. Feng statistics, skewness and kurtosis [8]. Feng et al investigated the distribution characteristics of dissolved arsenic in water of the Pu River by using three types of expectation and standard deviation calculations [9]. Liu et al studied the compositions and particle size distributions of surface sediment and the distributions characteristics of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in sediment of the Tai Lake by using discrete expectation, skewness and kurtosis [10].…”