The application of embryo transfer to polo ponies in Argentina

Pashen, R. L.; Lascombes, F. A.; Darrow, M.D.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb04844.x

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The overall pregnancy rate of 50% (3/6) after embryo transfer to IRM was similar to the 43-61% pregnant rates reported by others for straightforward nonsurgical transfer to normal noninseminated recipients (Vogelsang el al. 1985;Pashen et al 1993;Squires 1993), and in keeping with our own results when transferring embryos nonsurgically to cyclic, synchronised, noninseminated recipient mares (unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The use of early pregnant mares as embryo recipients

Camillo

Cela

Vannozzi

et al. 1997

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Fourteen normal, cyclic mares, treated to synchronise oestrus and ovulation and inseminated artificially with fresh semen, were assigned to a donor or a recipient group after ovulation, with the aim of obtaining a degree of synchrony of >2 days. Ten embryos, collected on Day 6 or 7 after ovulation (Day 0), were transferred nonsurgically to inseminated recipient mares (IRM) that had ovulated up to 5 days after the respective donors, or to pregnant recipient mares (PRM) that had ovulated 2–7 days before the donors. Embryonic size and development, as determined by ultrasound examination, were used to distinguish embryos derived from the recipient (recipient embryo = RE) or from the donor (transferred embryo = TE) mare. In cases of twin pregnancy, the RE was manually squeezed on Days 14–16. Abortion was induced in all mares on Day 30. Three of 6 TE developed in IRM. Two of 6 IRM developed a twin pregnancy (RE+TE), while 4 of 6 IRM developed a singleton pregnancy (1 TE and 3 RE). None of 4 TE developed in Day 9–14 PRM and one of these PRM lost her own embryo following ET. The experiment demonstrated that a mare can carry her own embryo and a transferred embryo simultaneously. However, the status of pregnancy does not improve conception rate in recipient mares that ovulate prior to the donor.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The use of early pregnant mares as embryo recipients

Camillo

Cela

Vannozzi

et al. 1997

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Foetal gender determination (FGD) can be of great economic value and allows marketing of male and female foetuses in utero. The preferred gender depends on the purpose of the horse (Aurich & Aurich, ; Aurich & Schneider, ; Chezum & Wimmer, ; Cuervo‐Arango, ; Lansford, Freeman, Topliff, & Walker, ; Panarace et al, ; Pashen, Lascombes, & Darrow, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine foetal gender determination in mid‐ to late gestational mares: A practical inquiry

Velde

Roels

Ververs

et al. 2018

Reprod Domestic Animals

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In recent years, the interest in equine foetal gender determination (FGD) during gestation increased remarkably. Ultrasonographic FGD can be performed in two different periods during gestation. The earliest examination can take place at a gestational age of 60-70 days, whereby the genital tubercle is used to differentiate between male and female foeti. The time window of the second approach is wider (120-210 days), and there are more characteristics to take into consideration. In this article, the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasonographic FGD in mid- to late gestation are evaluated. One hundred twenty-one mares from different breeds with a pregnancy stage between 120 and 270 days were examined once, using B-scale ultrasonography (Esaote MyLab™ClassC). None of the mares were sedated nor shaved, and the procedure was completed within 15 min. Diagnosis was firstly based on the gonads. The final judgement was made based on all visible foetal reproductive organs. In three cases with a pregnancy stage beyond 257 days, FGD was not possible. All of the examined mares in which a FGD could be performed gave birth to a healthy foal. In 98% of the examinations (116/118), the diagnosis was correctly made. In both cases of misdiagnosis, only one characteristic was seen during the procedure and wrongly interpreted. Beyond 210 days of pregnancy, the extremities can preclude a good visualization of the inguinal region. In conclusion, equine FGD in mid- to late gestation is an accessible and accurate technique, although a good ultrasound device is a prerequisite and experience and expertise is necessary.

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“…Argentina has become internationally renowned for its successful exploitation of embryo transfer in high-goal polo ponies, and operators in that country achieve the highest overall success rates from nonsurgical transfer. For example, Pashen et al (1993) reported 353 pregnancies from the nonsurgical transfer of 580 embryos (61%) and, more recently, Losinno et al (2000) achieved an 81% pregnancy rate from the transfer of 993 embryos. Similarly, H. and S. Lisa (2002, personal communication) achieved an overall pregnancy rate of >80% from the nonsurgical transfer of 1961 embryos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%