The application of electromagnetic waves in monitoring water infiltration on concrete flat roof: The case of Malaysia

Abstract

13 14Roof leakages of high-rise buildings involving concrete flat roof design in tropical countries 15 continue to be a serious problem. Currently, exiting methods of detecting potential leaks are 16 mostly destructive to the building material. Although the method of detecting a defect using 17 non-destructive measurement exists, current methods such as infrared thermography, 18 metal detector and humidity meter have varying constraints in their application. This paper 19 describes the potential use of microwave technology as an effective non-destructive tool to 20 monitor and investigate leakage of concrete flat roof due to failure of membrane layer. This 21 study was performed experimentally on flat room structures built for laboratory use and 22 according to Malaysian flat roof concrete proportions standards. Experiments performed 23 2 utilized a sensor equipped with essential parameters that enable control to sensor angle, 24 temperature and distance between object and sensor structure and designed to enable 25 numerous measurements in real time. The study determined that microwave technology 26 can be used to identify moisture content in concrete flat roof by analyzing properties of the 27 concrete roof and water. This proves to be an effective non-destructive method of 28 determining leakage problems in concrete flat roof in real time before the defects become 29 until the building leaks occur. Thus, a method of effective monitoring is needed to address 41 the issue. Non-destructive testing method is seen to have a potential to detect leakage 42 problem at an early stage and other hidden defects before becoming critical. This paper 43 describes the potential use of the microwave as a tool to monitor and investigate leakage of 44 flatroof concrete due failure of membrane layer installed on the roof. 45 46Many building defects reported involves the quality of building materials as well as 47 3 materials that are embedded (Chong and Low, 2006). Although the method of detecting a 48 defect using non-destructive popularity this time, existing methods is rather limited. Of 49 those approach adopted are infrared thermography, metal detector and humidity meter, 50 which, have certain constraints. Because of the limit, some destructive test methods had 51 been used to detect any anomalies involving the hidden flaw. This destructive approach will 52 damage the other components of the building. Hence, there is a pressing need to enrich the 53 method and use of non-destructive testing more effective and not damaging part of the 54 building to another. Inline with that, microwave applications in detection of different 55 materials properties are seen as having great potential to meet these needs. 56 57 Flat Roof for Malaysia Building 58Building materials identified as one of the factors that contribute to the defects in buildings. 59Interestingly, the building materials for a building consisted of a several of basic materials 60 such as plastic, metal, stone, glass and composite materials. The materials chosen...

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