The Application of DVDMS as a Sensitizing Agent for Sono-/Photo-Therapy

Abstract

Both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are fast growing activated therapies by using light or ultrasound to initiate catalytic reaction of sensitizing agents, showing great potentials in clinics because of high safety and noninvasiveness. Sensitizers are critical components in PDT and SDT. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is an effective constituent derived from Photofrin that has been approved by FDA. This review is based on previous articles that explore the applications of DVDMS mediated photodynamic/sonodynamic cancer therapy and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Researchers utilize different cell lines, distinct treatment protocols to explore the enhanced therapeutic response of neoplastic lesion. Moreover, by designing a series of nanoparticles for loading DVDMS to improve the cellular uptake and antitumor efficacy of PDT/SDT, which integrates diagnostics into therapeutics for precision medical applications. During the sono-/photo-activated process, the balance between oxidation and antioxidation, numerous signal transduction and cell death pathways are also involved. In addition, DVDMS mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can effectively suppress bacteria and multidrug resistant bacteria proliferation, promote the healing of wounds in burn infection. In brief, these efficient preclinical studies indicate a good promise for DVDMS application in the activated sono-/photo-therapy.

An in vitro study on sonodynamic treatment of human colon cancer cells using sinoporphyrin sodium as sonosensitizer

“…This extremely high extinction coefficient probably results in the high singlet oxygen generation efficiency of DVDMS. Apart from being an effective photosensitizer, DVDMS is also sono-responsive to induce cytotoxicity upon exposure to an acoustic field [21]. DVDMS was found to preferentially accumulate in sarcoma 180 solid tumors and could be locally activated by ultrasound to non-invasively elicit a strong cytotoxic effect without causing any damage to adjacent tissues [16].…”

Sonodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Intracranial Gliomas

“…Syno-porphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a hematoporphyrin derivative based on Photofrin; compared to the latter, its high solubility in water determines short-term skin persistence. Different studies showed a greater sensitivity of DVDMS to both light and ultrasound irradiation, with excellent production of singlet oxygen, making it suitable for therapeutic application in different types of cancer, including glioma [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. After administration, DVDMS preferentially localizes inside tumor cells mitochondria, probably due to misregulation of BBB patency.…”

Sinoporphyrin sodium, a novel sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy

“…Available evidences suggest that the potential mechanisms of DVDMS mediated PDT and SDT mainly involving in ROS and apoptosis signaling pathways, the role of autophagy in the process were revealed recently; however, many more potential mechanisms such as regulation of different signaling pathways and the effect on cell pyroptosis and necrocytosis have not been discovered. Besides, advances in the materials and methods of drug delivery may bring opportunities for the application of DVDMS, and the combination of multiple therapeutic strategies (such as SPDT and PACT) may also provide more possibilities [61].…”