The application of different analytical extractions and soil profile sampling in exploration geochemistry

Bradshaw, Peter; Thomson, I.D.; Smee, Barry W.; Larsson, J.-O.

doi:10.1016/0375-6742(74)90023-5

Cited by 54 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Because of the observed severity of attack of the 0.5 N HCl solution on clay lattices (Ray et al, 1957;Bradshaw et al, 1974), this method :t.s (Chester and Hughes, 1967) and lack of specificity of attack (Agemian and Chau, 1977). Consequently, the only individual weak method studied was the pH 5 buffer solution of Froelich et al (1977), referred to here generally as Method 1.…”

Section: Individual Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Randrup

1982

Nuclear Physics A

151

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe operation of an OTEC plant will result in the m~x~ng of large volumes of seawater from different depths within the ocean. Associated with this seawater will be suspended particulate material.This solid material is capable of both adsorbing and releasing transition metals. Because suspended particulate material is intimately involved in marine food webs and transition metals such as copper can have toxic effects, it is important to develop a sound methodology for characterizing and quantifying transition metals which will be associated with solid material passing through an OTEC plant.The characterization of soild-phase associated transition metals in the marine environment has largely been directed at marine sediments. Studies of sediment-associated transition metals have generally indicated that it is not possible to uniquely identify the solid phases or chemical speciation of a given metal. There are many reasons for this difficulty, but the probable major analytical problems arise from the fact that many of the transition metals of interest are present only in trace concentrations as adsorbed species on amorphous oxides or as coprecipitates. These difficulties have led to an approach in which transition metals are classified according to how easily they are solubilized when exposed to different types of chemical attack, as defined in chemical extraction schemes.There are at present a large number of different transition metal extraction schemes in use. Only rarely have these different techniques been carefully compared on a variety of solids from the marine environment. Consequently, it is often not possible to make a sound assessment of the results obtained by investigators who have used different extraction methods to characterize solid-phase associated transition metals or to select the most appropriate methodology for making measurements on a given type of solid material.In this study, several of the most widely accepted techniques were compared for many of the most commonly measured transition metals. The use of a variety of marine sediments, rather than trapped suspended particulate matter, was necessitated by both the relatively large amount of material needed for an examination of all the methods and the lack of any OTEC program collected particulate material.In order to determine the true extraction efficiency of the methods studied, all solid concentrations have been normalized to total metal concentration values as obtained by neutron activation analysis and/or x-ray fluorescence measurements.On weak, four intermediate strength and two strong metal extraction methods were studied individually.The weak method had the lowest extraction efficiency, but dissolved all solid carbonate phases. A potential problem with the weak method is that it does not retain extracted metals quantitatively in solution, but allows them to be adsorbed on remaining solids. The simplest of the four methods (0.5 N HCl) caused the release of lower amounts of most metals studied when compared to the other ...

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Section: Individual Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Randrup

1982

Nuclear Physics A

151

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“…Dilute HCl removes loosely bonded and adsorbed metal precipitated salts, without any significant attack on the detrital lattice (Bradshaw et al 1974;Agemian & Chau 1977;Sutherland et al 2001) and has been used to simulate the effect of gastric juices in the gut of a detritus feeder (Waldichuk 1985). EDTA releases adsorbed, precipitated and complexed metals (Chester & Voutsinou 1981;Ying et al 1992).…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigation of anthropogenic trace metals in sediments of Lake Illawarra, New South Wales

Gillis¹,

Birch²

2006

Australian Journal of Earth Sciences

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“…After digestion the residues were dissolved in 1: 1 HCI and filtered. Weakly bound metals, including adsorbed metals and those dissolved in interstitial waters, were extracted by digestion with O.05N EDTA at pH 4.S for 2h at 70-S0°C (Bradshaw et al 1974). The extracts were filtered and brought to volume with bidestilled water.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of the Blanca Bay, Argentina

Pucci

1988

Metals in Coastal Environments of Latin America

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The application of different analytical extractions and soil profile sampling in exploration geochemistry

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Transport of angular momentum in damped nuclear reactions

Investigation of anthropogenic trace metals in sediments of Lake Illawarra, New South Wales

Heavy Metals in Water and Sediments of the Blanca Bay, Argentina

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