The Application of Cryogenic Techniques in Ophthalmology*

Experience of Cryoextraction

“…When discussing the complications of the method, it is natural to mention the sequelae which may follow upon a more lengthly contact with the cornea or iris. Animal experiments have been performed by Bellows (1964). H e found that even long-lasting contact between super-refrigerated metal and the corneal epithelium caused only transient corneal clouding.…”

Cryotherapy in Ophthalmology

“…Cryoretinopexy was done with various types of cryoapplicators. Bellows and Kelman created retinal cryopexy instruments for the treatment of retinal tears and for cryoextraction [22,23]. Schepens, Lincoff, and others were key figures in the advancement of cryoretinopexy surgical techniques and in using cryoretinopexy with scleral buckling for retinal detachments [24][25][26].…”

“…Shortly after, Deutschmann used cryosurgery to treat retinal detachments [18]. Bellows and Kelman created retinal cryopexy instruments for the treatment of retinal tears [22,109]. Cryoretinopexy in conjunction with scleral buckling for retinal detachments was also described [24][25][26].…”

Intracapsular Cataract Extraction Using Low Temperature

“…Kelman and Cooper (1963) have described its use in an unspecified number of.cases which included subluxated lenses and dislocated lenses. Bellows (1964) reported 6 cases. Rosengren (1965) gave the results of 120 cryoextractions.…”