The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Decrease Carbon Footprint in Perforated Holes in Different Permeability

Abstract

This study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), implemented through ANSYS-Fluent, to address the environmental impact of oil and gas extraction by optimizing methane gas extraction efficiencies in Cased-Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP) completions. By focusing on the perforation configurations in various permeability layers, this research aims to reduce the carbon footprint associated with drilling operations significantly. The research commenced with the creation of detailed 3D CAD models and simulation setups, referencing formations from the Sakarya Gas Project. The models were developed to mirror real-world geological conditions accurately, enhancing the relevance and applicability of the findings. These simulations were designed to explore the efficiency of perforated holes within three distinct permeability layers, looking specifically at how the physical structure and placement of these perforations can impact methane gas extraction rates. The study's methodology involved comparative analyses of the efficiencies of perforations intersecting with formation layers versus those that do not intersect. Using the Production Logging Tool (PLT) as a baseline for comparison, the simulations demonstrated that intersecting perforations yield flow rates approximately 1.5 times greater than non-intersecting perforations. This finding underscores the critical importance of targeted perforation placement in optimizing resource extraction and minimizing environmental impact. Further, the research highlighted the limitations of traditional PLT measurements, which often lack the depth-specific accuracy needed for modern environmental and efficiency standards. By providing a more granular and accurate measurement of flow rates and efficiencies at the perforation level, the study advocates for a shift towards more sophisticated subsurface modeling techniques in the industry. One of the key operational outcomes of this study was a significant reduction in simulation time—by 40%—achieved through refined meshing strategies. This not only suggests a direct path to cost savings in operational budgets but also aligns with broader industry trends towards reducing carbon footprint and enhancing environmental sustainability. The study sets a new benchmark for future drilling operations. It encourages a continued focus on innovation and sustainability, aiming to reconcile the often-conflicting demands of resource extraction and environmental stewardship.