The application of bone morphogenetic proteins to periodontal and peri-implant tissue regeneration: A literature review

Abstract

Progress in understanding the role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in craniofacial and tooth development and the demonstration of stem cells in periodontal ligament have set the stage for periodontal regenerative therapy and tissue engineering. Furthermore, recent approval by the Food and Drug Administration of recombinant human BMPs for accelerating bone fusion in slow-healing fractures indicates that this protein family may prove useful in designing regenerative treatments in periodontics. In the near term, these advances are likely to be applied to periodontal surgery; ultimately, they may facilitate approaches to regenerating whole lost periodontal structures.

The ultimate goals of tooth regeneration: Where do we stand?

“…As noted previously, the regeneration of parts or a whole tooth requires the integration of inductive morphogenetic signals (morphogens or growth factors), responding progenitor/stem cells, and the extracellular matrix scaffold. 29 Growth factors are natural biological mediators that regulate key cellular events that are part of the process of tissue repair and regeneration. After binding of growth factors to specific cell membrane receptors of target cells, intracellular signaling pathways are induced, which typically results in the activation of genes that may ultimately change cellular activity and phenotype.…”

“…• Platelet-derived growth factor Crude preparations of BMP-2 and BMP-3 applied in surgically induced furcation defects appeared to stimulate periodontal regeneration. 29 Tziafas et al 30 studied the effects of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-II, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 on dog dental pulp cells in vivo to demonstrate an enhanced deposition of osteodentin-like matrix at central sites of mechanically exposed pulps in dog molar and canine teeth.…”

“…As noted previously, the regeneration of parts or a whole tooth requires the integration of inductive morphogenetic signals (morphogens or growth factors), responding progenitor/stem cells, and the extracellular matrix scaffold …”

“…Experiments utilizing crude and recombinant BMP combination with other growth factors have provided insight into their potential use. Crude preparations of BMP‐2 and BMP‐3 applied in surgically induced furcation defects appeared to stimulate periodontal regeneration …”

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone therapy: successes and pitfalls

“…[9] Periodontitis, another dental disease, has also been successfully treated with BMP-2. [10] Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial plaque affecting the periodontal tissue that supports the teeth, and ultimately leads to the loss of the affected teeth. [10] Current treatment involves the removal of the bacterial plaque which, if effective, only reduces the inflammation in the affected area; it does not regenerate or restore the normal structure and function of the lost periodontal tissue.…”