The Application of a Nanomaterial Optical Fiber Biosensor Assay for Identification of Brucella Nomenspecies

Abstract

Bacteria in the genus Brucella are the cause of brucellosis in humans and many domestic and wild animals. A rapid and culture-free detection assay to detect Brucella in clinical samples would be highly valuable. Nanomaterial optical fiber biosensors (NOFS) are capable of recognizing DNA hybridization events or other analyte interactions with high specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, a NOFS assay was developed to detect Brucella DNA from cultures and in tissue samples from infected mice. An ionic self-assembled multilayer (ISAM) film was coupled to a long-period grating optical fiber, and a nucleotide probe complementary to the Brucella IS711 region and modified with biotin was bound to the ISAM by covalent conjugation. When the ISAM/probe duplex was exposed to lysate containing ≥100 killed cells of Brucella, or liver or spleen tissue extracts from Brucella-infected mice, substantial attenuation of light transmission occurred, whereas exposure of the complexed fiber to non-Brucella gram-negative bacteria or control tissue samples resulted in negligible attenuation of light transmission. Oligonucleotide probes specific for B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis could also be used to detect and differentiate these three nomenspecies. In summary, the NOFS biosensor assay detected three nomenspecies of Brucella without the use of polymerase chain reaction within 30 min and could specifically detect low numbers of this bacterium in clinical samples.

Electrospun Nanofibers as Chemosensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants: A Review

“…The detection principle of electrochemical sensor is based on the measured substance in the process of electrochemical sensor surface reaction, using the recognition element induction in electrochemical sensor surface and substrate combined to produce a certain biological or chemical quantity; then, through the signal converter, according to a certain rule, a quantitative electrical signal (such as current, potential difference, or conductance properties) can be programmed so as to achieve the purpose of analysis and monitoring. The change and the concentration of the substance to be analyzed are proportional to the quantitative analysis of the analyte [123,[140][141][142][143][144]. Compared with traditional methods, the electrochemical sensor has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, a short response time, simple operation, the ability to monitor online in complex systems, and the ability to remove other analytes without the need for pretreatment, making it a unique analytical method for environmental pollution detection [145,146].…”

“…Compared with traditional methods, the electrochemical sensor has many advantages, such as high sensitivity, a short response time, simple operation, the ability to monitor online in complex systems, and the ability to remove other analytes without the need for pretreatment, making it a unique analytical method for environmental pollution detection [145,146]. Electrochemical sensors usually use the following methods to detect environmental pollutants, namely voltammetry, amperometry, and the impedance method [143,147]. In the voltammetry method, the test substance is easily directly oxidized or reduced on the working electrode to obtain a specific oxidationreduction potential for qualitative analysis with good selectivity [148].…”

Long-Period Fiber Grating Sensors for Chemical and Biomedical Applications

“…On the basis of the foregoing, the same group developed the above device by using the IgG/anti-IgG as a bioconjugate pair for a biosensing application, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.16 ng/mL (1.06 pM) [ 48 ]. In a word, LPFG-based sensors designed at or near their DTP have been widely used in the detection of immunoglobulin [ 42 , 46 , 64 ], bacteria [ 16 , 45 , 65 , 66 ], DNA [ 67 , 68 , 69 ] and other targets [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

SERS Biosensor Based on Engineered 2D-Aperiodic Nanostructure for In-Situ Detection of Viable Brucella Bacterium in Complex Matrix

“…The gold standard method for the diagnosis of Brucella is blood culture, but this method is characterized by different drawbacks [ 3 ], not last the long time required for cell cultivation. Serological tests, including the agglutination test to detect the anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen antibodies, are also available but are characterized by poor specificity due to structural similarities among different bacteria [ 4 , 5 ].…”