To the Editor, The article by Pelliccia et al. 1 published in the British Journal of Haematology commenced in the introduction with the statement 'Castleman disease (CD), first described in 1954 as an enlarged mediastinal lymph node, now…' and the given reference was case 40351 of the Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 but in fact the anatomical diagnosis in this case 40351 was rheumatic heart disease with consequences-not the real first case of CD that should be the case 40011 who had mediastinal mass that was shown to be hyperplasia of mediastinal lymph nodes. 3 This very first case of CD, case 40011, was published on 7 January 1954; thus, this marks the 70th anniversary of CD. It was cited in the seminal 1956 publication of 13 cases of CD reported by Castleman et al. as 'localized mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia resembling thymoma'. 4 Surprisingly, there was another incorrect citation for the first case of CD found in the literature regarding case 40231 of the Case Records from later that same year-another case of rheumatic heart disease with different consequences. 5 Interestingly, these two particular case records (cases 40351 and 40231) were cited in 113 and 137 articles involving CD, respectively, after a search in Scopus on 30 January 2024. Among these articles, 73 citing case 40351 were later cited from 1 to 233 times, and 97 citing case 40231 were cited from 1 to 192 times from the data provided by Scopus. The first article incorrectly cited case 40351 was published in 2005, but it was later cited only one time. While the first article incorrectly cited case 40231 was published in 1984, it was later cited eight times. Why this incorrect citation occurred in the first place will remain uncertain. Aside from making sure the correct 70th anniversary of CD is accurately recognized, this discovery emphasizes the much broader, significant problem of inaccurate citations in the biomedical literature. 6