The Applicability of a Short Form of the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder for Measuring Motor Competence in Children Aged 6 to 11 Years

Abstract

This study aimed to determine if the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) remained a valid assessment of motor competence following the removal of the hopping for height subtest (KTK3). Children (n = 2479) aged 6–11 years completed all KTK subtests (KTK4) and motor quotient sum scores (MQS) were determined for the KTK3 and KTK4. Classifications were established as MQS below percentile 5 (P5), MQS between percentile 5–15 (P15), MQS between percentile 15–50 (P15–50), MQS between percentile 50–85 (P50–85), MQS between percentile 85–95 (P85), and MQS higher than percentile 95 (P95). Pearson’s correlation (r = .97) and cross-tabs (Chi2 = 6822.53, p < .001; Kappa = 0.72) identified substantial agreement overall between the KTK3 and KTK4. However, when classified into separate age and gender categories, poor agreement (< 60%) was found in girls: P15 at 8–11 years and P85 at 6–7 years; and in boys: P5 and P15 at 6 years, P85 at 8 years, and P15 at 10 years. Researchers should consider these findings when selecting which KTK protocol to use.

The validity and reliability of observational assessment tools available to measure fundamental movement skills in school-age children: A systematic review

“…Studies evaluating the validity and reliability of FMS assessment tools were conducted in 29 countries, with Australia hosting the most studies (13) [ 50 , 56 , 71 – 77 ], followed by Brazil (12 studies) [ 53 , 57 , 66 , 70 , 78 – 85 ] and the USA (nine studies). Eight studies were carried out in Belgium [ 49 , 58 , 63 , 86 – 89 ] and seven in Canada [ 43 , 54 , 60 , 90 – 94 ]. The remaining 23 countries spanned Europe (23 studies from 15 countries), Asia (10 studies from 7 countries), South America (one study from Chile) and Africa (one study conducted in South Africa).…”

“…One found poor correlations between subtests (r ranged from .08 -.45) [156], and the other reported moderate correlations between tasks in a sample of children with ADHD (r ranged from .12 -.98) [62]. A modified version of the KTK (with hopping for height removed) was also compared to the standard KTK, which was found to have high levels of validity [89]. One study used Pearson Table 7.…”

“…(Continued) evaluating the validity and reliability of FMS assessment tools were conducted in 29 countries, with Australia hosting the most studies(13) [50,56,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77], followed by Brazil (12 studies)[53,57,66,70,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85] and the USA (nine studies). Eight studies were carried out in Belgium[49,58,63,[86][87][88][89] and seven in Canada[43,54,60,[90][91][92][93][94]. The remaining 23 countries spanned Europe (23 studies from 15 countries)…”

Relationships between gross motor skills, cardiovascular fitness, and visuospatial working memory-related brain activation in 8- to 10-year-old children

“…Gross motor skills were evaluated using three subtests (jumping sideways, moving sideways, and backwards balancing) of the Korper Koordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) (Kiphard & Schilling, 2007 ). The KTK originally consists of four subtests, but a recent study has shown substantial agreement between the test battery consisting of three subtests and the original test battery consisting of four subtests (Novak et al, 2017 ). Additionally, one item of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2; Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005 ) was used to measure ball skills.…”

“…Additionally, one item of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2; Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005 ) was used to measure ball skills. Both test batteries have shown to be reliable and valid for primary school children (Bruininks, 2005 ; Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005 ; Kiphard & Schilling, 2007 ; Novak et al, 2017 ).…”