The appearance of rapidly flowing blood on magnetic resonance images

Wg, Bradley; Waluch, V.; Lai, K F; Fernández, Eduardo J.; Spalter, C

doi:10.2214/ajr.143.6.1167

Cited by 174 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance (MR) is a noninvasive imaging technique that allows for an evaluation of the direction and velocity of blood throughout the blood vessels (Bradley et al, 1984;Bucciolini et al, 1987;Von Schulthess and Higgins, 1985). Since the aqueduct of Sylvius can be considered a CSF vessel, about 15 mm in length and 1-2 mm in width, that connects the third and the fourth brain ventricles (Brinkmann et al, 2000;Flyger and Hjelmquist, 1957;Longatti et al, 2007;Mascalchi et al, 1988), this technique has also been applied to aqueductal CSF flow Brinkmann et al, 2000;Mark and Feinberg, 1986;Mascalchi et al, 1988).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

298

274

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Orešković

Klarica

2010

Brain Research Reviews

298

274

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“…In that case, it may be necessary to repeat the MRI examination after several days or at intermediate field strength to avoid this delay. 7 Flowing blood, especially slowly flowing blood, can create artifactually high signals 16 -19 that can be mistaken for thrombus formation. Different MRI methods have been suggested to eliminate the possibility of flow-related artifacts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging in lateral sinus hypoplasia and thrombosis.

Mas

Méder

Meary

et al. 1990

Stroke

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Lateral sinus thrombosis may be difficult to differentiate angiographically from lateral sinus hypoplasia, which mainly affects its proximal transverse portion. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we evaluated six patients who demonstrated poor filling or lack of filling of one or both lateral sinuses at angiography. In each patient, magnetic resonance imaging unambiguously demonstrated either lateral sinus thrombosis or lateral sinus hypoplasia. The latter was characterized by a frank asymmetry in size (surface of section) of the transverse portion of the lateral sinuses on parasagittal images without any abnormal signal in the course of the sinus. Lateral sinus thrombosis was indicated by increased intraluminal signal on all planes and with all pulse sequences. By virtue of its freedom from bone-related artifact, its multiplanar imaging capability, and its sensitivity to both blood flow and thrombus formation, magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent tool for the evaluation of lateral sinus thrombosis or hypoplasia. (Stroke 1990;21:1350-1356) D ural sinus thrombosis is often difficult to diagnose because it presents with a wide spectrum of nonspecific clinical manifestations such as intracranial hypertension, focal signs, altered level of consciousness, and mental disturbances.12 One of the most frequent patterns, particularly when sinus thrombosis does not extend to the cerebral veins, is "benign intracranial hypertension," of which cerebral venous thrombosis is a wellestablished cause.Lateral sinus thrombosis is almost as common as superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, 1 but diagnosis of the former is more difficult. First, direct signs of lateral sinus thrombosis are difficult to assess on computed tomograms (CT scans). "5 Second, it may be impossible at angiography to differentiate lateral sinus thrombosis from congenital hypoplasia, which mainly affects its proximal transverse portion. Recent reports 6 -13 have stressed the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of dural sinus thrombosis. We describe MRI findings in patients with lateral sinus hypoplasia or lateral sinus thrombosis that illustrate the value of MRI in differ- Received March 14, 1990; accepted May 15, 1990. entiating these two conditions, a distinction that can have major therapeutic implications. Subjects and MethodsInclusion in this study was based solely on one criterion: the nonvisualization or poor visualization of one or both lateral sinuses at angiography. Each patient had selective opacification of both carotid arteries and a good-quality posterior fossa angiogram with opacification of the dominant vertebral artery or both vertebral arteries. In all patients MRI was performed on a Philips 0.5-T Gyroscan S15 (Eindhoven, The Netherlands) with a standard 30-cm head coil, using Tl-and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences with a slice width of 8 mm and an interslice spacing of 0.8 mm. Parameters for Tl-weighted imaging included a repetition time (TR) of 450 msec and an echo time (TE) of 14 msec, whereas T2-weig...

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“…This finding is one of the common MRI patterns of old hemorrhages. In principle, the judgment of old hemorrhage in our cases was made on the basis of the following findings: Ti-weighted MR images showing a low signal intensity lesion with or without a hyperintensity area within it, and Tiweighled images revealing a low-intensity lesion in the correspond ing area [7,13], Such lesions could be distinguished from calcifica tion [ 17,18] or cerebral blood vessels [ 19,20] by the observation of the CT films or from the anatomical locations. In order to exclude hemorrhagic infarction, low signal intensity lesions which were localized inside of the high signal intensity area on Ti-wcighted images [8] were not included under old hemorrhage.…”

Section: Criteria For Old Intracerebral Hemorrhage On M Ri Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old Cerebral Hemorrhages in Cases of Multiple Lacunar Infarction Found by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Miyashita¹,

Nakamura²,

Kazui³

et al. 1991

Cerebrovasc Dis

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In magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral infarcts are depicted as hyperintensity areas on T₂-weighted images, whereas old intracerebral hemorrhages appear as hypointensity areas with or without hyperintensity areas on T₂-weighted images. Ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions can thus be distinguished by this technique. In 92 patients with multiple lacunar infarction diagnosed by clinical history and CT findings, high-field magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of coexisting old intracerebral hemorrhages. Old hemorrhages were found in 15 of 92 patients. All the old hemorrhages were small and located in the thalamus, putamen, pons or cerebellar hemispheres, which are common sites of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. The hemorrhages were single in 7 patients and multiple in the other 8. Eleven patients had a history of one or two minor episodes corresponding to the old hemorrhages, although the other 4 had no episodes corresponding to the hemorrhages. Small intracerebral hemorrhage often presents as a lacunar syndrome, and CT is unable to distinguish it from lacunar infarction, if performed during the chronic phase of ictus. Multiple lacunar infarction diagnosed by CT and history may include several old cerebral hemorrhages.

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The appearance of rapidly flowing blood on magnetic resonance images

Cited by 174 publications

References 8 publications

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: Nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations

Magnetic resonance imaging in lateral sinus hypoplasia and thrombosis.

Old Cerebral Hemorrhages in Cases of Multiple Lacunar Infarction Found by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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