The appearance of complement-requiring neutralizing antibodies by immunization and infection with herpes simplex virus

Self Cite

Rabbits and guinea pigs were immunized with herpes simplex virus and bled periodically. The sera were fractionated into slow IgG, fast IgG and IgM by DEAE‐cellulose column chromatography, and complement‐requiring (CRN) and nonrequiring neutralizing (N) antibody activities were estimated. In early sera of rabbits, the two IgG and IgM fractions possessed about equal CRN activities, although some animals showed a slightly lower activity in fast IgG. In guinea pigs, the early CRN activity resided mainly in slow IgG (7 S γ2). The early IgG antibody of guinea pigs differed from that of rabbits in that it resembled IgM in resistances to heating at 70 C and to 2‐mercaptoethanol. The level of CRN IgM antibody in rabbits declined following a peak reached in 2 to 3 weeks, whereas such a decline was never observed in guinea pigs. N IgG antibody was developed a few weeks after the first immunization in rabbits and much retarded in guinea pigs. In both species, booster immunization quickly evoked N antibody in the two IgG fractions and also CRN IgM antibody, but in the case of rabbits the IgM antibody disappeared soon. It is concluded that IgG plays an important role in humoral immunity from the initial stage of the immunization course.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Requirement of Neutralizing Antibodies in Different Classes of Immunoglobulin Appearing in Rabbits and Guinea Pigs after Primary and Booster Immunizations with Herpes Simplex Virus

Shinkai

Yoshino

1975

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“…guchi [1][2][3]. They reported an eight-fold or greater increase in antibody titer following the addition of complement to both healthy and herpetic human sera [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

Complement Requirement of the Neutralizing Antibody Appearing After Immunization with Smallpox Vaccine

Nishimura

Nomura

Kitaoka

et al. 1968

A sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay method was established for the specific quantitative determination of secretory IgA (sIgA) by taking advantage of the dual antigenicities of sIgA, one specific for α‐chain and the other for secretory component (SC). The sIgA and IgA in the sample were first bound by anti‐IgA antibodies coated on the polystyrene tube, then the amount of bound sIgA was quantified by the use of 125I‐labeled anti‐SC antibodies. This method is quite sensitive and allows us to distinguish sIgA from IgA and free SC which usually coexist in exocrine secretions. Linear relationship was observed between the bound radioactivity of radioiodinated anti‐SC and the amount of sIgA in the range of 5 to 60 ng of sIgA. With this method, the urinary sIgA levels in normal children and adults were measured. Urinary sIgA was detected in half of infants within 7 days after birth, while it could be demonstrated in almost all of the infants by 14th day. Then, it gradually increased and reached about a half of the adult level by the age of puberty. This method will be useful for the sensitive and specific measurement of sIgA in various exocrine secretions.

“…Earlier reports from our laboratory pointed out that rabbits [21,22] and guinea pigs [23] immunized with herpes simplex virus developed early neutralizing antibody which could be detected only when complement (C') was present in the in vitro neutralization system. This new type of antibody was designated C'-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The late type IgG appeared after 4 weeks and 3 days in the primary and booster immunizations, respectively. Serological examinations of human patients suggested the occurrence of the booster type response in the case of repeated infections among adults.Earlier reports from our laboratory pointed out that rabbits [21,22] and guinea pigs [23] immunized with herpes simplex virus developed early neutralizing antibody which could be detected only when complement (C') was present in the in vitro neutralization system. This new type of antibody was designated C'-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Requirement of Neutralizing Antibodies Appearing after Primary and Booster Immunizations with Herpes Simplex Virus

Yoshino

Morishima

Aoki

1971

Self Cite

Ten rabbits were given a primary course of immunization by 4 weekly intravenous injections of herpes virus, and 1.5 years later 3 of them showing low titers of neutralizing antibody received 1 booster injection. The serological response in the primary immunization was characterized by an early development of complement-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody ahead of that of non-complement-requiring neutralizing (N) antibody, the CRN/N ratio being 8 to 128 within 3 weeks. In contrast, N antibody appeared much faster after the booster immunization, the CRN/N ratio approaching 4 within 1 week. The early type IgG, whose neutralizing activity was enhanced by complement (C') about 16-fold, was distinct from the late type IgG which could not be enhanced by C' more than 4-fold. The late type IgG appeared after 4 weeks and 3 days in the primary and booster immunizations, respectively. Serological examinations of human patients suggested the occurrence of the booster type response in the case of repeated infections among adults.Earlier reports from our laboratory pointed out that rabbits [21,22] and guinea pigs [23] immunized with herpes simplex virus developed early neutralizing antibody which could be detected only when complement (C') was present in the in vitro neutralization system. This new type of antibody was designated C'-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody. The appearance of CRN antibody preceded that of the classical neutralizing (N) antibody in such a way that early sera often showed an all-or-none type neutralization reaction depending upon the presence or absence of C'. Similar phenomena were found with vaccinia [8], bovine parainfluenza [6] and simian herpes SA-8 viruses [11].In the case of herpetic infections of humans, too, it was frequently observed that CRN antibody appeared at high titers before the development of N antibody, so that the detection of CRN antibody served for an early diagnosis of the diseases [23]. In contrast, Heineman [5] could not find any difference between the early and convalescent sera of adult patients in the enhancement of neutralization by C'. When Lerner et al. [7] examined patients of herpetic encephalitis older than 10 years, half of them demonstrated CRN/N ratios of 4 or more in the early stage.This discrepancy of data seemed to indicate different serological responses between