The Appearance of Antistreptolysin and Antistaphylolysin in Human Colostrum

Abstract

The transfer of antibodies from the mother to the newborn infant during gestation gives the infant protection against a number of diseases, provided that the mother has a sufficient supply of the antibodies in question. This has been shown in numerous investigations.A comprehensive review of this topic is given by Vahlquist 1952 (52), and the reader is referred to this work. The results of the earlier investigations will be briefly summarized. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins, streptococcal erythrogenic antitoxin, antistreptolysin, antistaphylolysin, pertussis agglutinins, typhoid H agglutinins, measles, poliomyelitis, influenza and mumps virus antibodies, toxoplasma antibodies and univalent R h antibodies are dstected in the cord blood in about equal titre as in the blood of the mother. Diphtheria antitoxins, however, often appear in a higher titre in the cord blood than in the maternal (4). Typhoid H agglutinin titres frequently were lower in the cord blood (48, 44).Some antibodies on the other hand cannot be detected in the cord blood or are found in much lower titre. Among these are coli agglutinins, typhoid 0 agglutinins, isoagglutinins, bivalent R h agglutinins and some reagins. During the last years further studies on prenatal antibody transmission have been carried out. As for diphtheria antitoxin it was shown by Murray et al. (28), that antistuphylolysin titres in the cord blood usually ar0 higher than in the mother's blood. This was the case in 40 out of 56 pairs of sera,. The same phenomenon was observed in the case of antistreptolysin (29) in 41 out of 46 pairs of sera. Tunevall (51) demonstrated that the antipnezcmolysin concentration in the cord blood was equal or lower than that in the corresponding maternal blood (70 cases studied).Cashman (6) confirmed, that pertussis agglutinins are present in the cord blood and, again, the cord blood level was above that of the mother in 10 out of 18 instances. Tunevall (50) studied complement-fixing antibodies against Hemophilus influenzae in 7 0 cases. The titres were predominantly considerably lower in the cord blood.Bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, type 0 55, was demonstrated by Dancis & Kunz (8) in sera of full-term infants at birth (15 samples) and in two thirds of the sera of premature infants (16 samples). This finding was confirmed by Yeivin et al. (58). Neter et al. (30) examined agglutinins against E . coli, types 0 111, 55 and 26, in 26 instances, using the hemagglutination test. They found that these agglutinins were either not transferred to the newborn or were transferred in a low titre. This

Confirmation of the presence of the Talfan disease in swedish pigs

“…Pigs which had been with the sow 1 day or 6 days had a significant pre-inoculation serum-antibody titre. This is in agreement with Nordbri~ and Olsson's (17,18,19) observations. They showed that the porcine colostrum is rich in antibodies at the birth, and that new-born piglets easily absorb antibodies and immune globulins.…”

“…The epizootological character of the Teschen and Talfan diseases, especially with regard to the inapparent infections, has been extensively studied (1,12,17,19,21,25). The question arises, was the outbreak at 0sthammar the isolated result of a recent entrance of the disease into the country, or had the infectious agent already spread, mostly through inapparent infections ?…”

Esterases in the milk and blood plasma of swine. 2. Activities at different stages during the lactation and suckling periods, and plasma arylesterase as a gene-controlled enzyme

“…Fibrinogen was relatively high on the second day after birth and then decreased gradually. These results for protein composition confirm those obtained by Foster et al (1951) with a conventional free-electrophoresis technique and by Nordbring & Olsson (1957) with paper electrophoresis.…”

“…The transfer of immune globulins occurs entirely by the colostral route. The power to absorb immune globulins decreases rapidly during the first days after birth (Nordbring & Olsson, 1957). The increase in plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity to the levels found in the mother, on the other hand, takes place during a longer period of time (2-3 weeks).…”