The apparition macrophage and Döderlein bacillus is negatively correlated in class I Papanicolaou smear: A morphological examination

Abstract

Background: Nonspecific vaginitis, also known as Bacterial vaginosis, unlike genital candidiasis and trichomoniasis, is caused by microbiome breakdown. Döderlein's bacillus are gram-positive bacillus that form a microbiome, reproduce in the female vagina after gaining sexual maturity, secrete lactic acid, and prevent the growth of other vaginitis-causing bacteria. Clue cell are squamous epithelial cells with Gardnerella sp. attached to their cell surface. The presence of clue cell is one of the diagnostic criteria for nonspecific vaginitis. Additionally, although macrophages are reported to protect against candidal vaginitis, there are no reports of studies examining the association between macrophages and clue cell. Materials and Methods: After re-staining 300 class I specimens by cervical cancer screening with Papanicolaou staining, the appearance of Döderlein's bacillus, macrophages, and clue cell was observed. Result: Age group and appearance of Döderlein's bacillus were negatively correlated. The rate of appearance of macrophages was positively correlated with the age group. In people aged 50 years or more, the appearance rate of clue cells was significantly lower in the macrophage appearance group than that in the non-appearance group. Conclusion: This study suggested that macrophages, and not Döderlein's bacillus, may play an important role in defense against nonspecific vaginitis.

Efficacy and safety of combination of nifuratel tablets with Baofukang suppository on treatment and recurrence of vaginitis in pregnancy

“…The results indicated that combination of Nifuratel tablet and Baofukang suppository enhanced the disappearance of clinical manifestations, reduced recurrence and the expression levels of inflammatory factors, and significantly improved the safety of treatment. In a previous study [20], it was demonstrated a group of vaginitis patients given combined treatment with Nifuratel tablets and Baofukang suppository significantly performed better than those on monotherapy, with respect to treatment effectiveness, time taken for disappearance of clinical manifestations, and recurrence after treatment. In addition, there was no significant difference between the two monotherapy groups in overall treatment effectiveness, time taken for disappearance of clinical manifestations, and recurrence, indicating that combination of Nifuratel tablets with Baofukang suppository produced a desirable effect and high safety in the treatment of pregnant women with vaginitis.…”