The anxiolytic effect of a promising quinoline containing selenium with the contribution of the serotonergic and GABAergic pathways: Modulation of parameters associated with anxiety in mice

FX5, a non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, ameliorates diabetic cognitive impairment in mice

“…OFT test was used to investigate the autonomous and exploratory behaviors of mice in a new environment [ 62 ]. As indicated in Supplementary Fig.…”

Prospecting for a quinoline containing selenium for comorbidities depression and memory impairment induced by restriction stress in mice

“…We suggested that the effect of 4-PSQ in modulating neuroinflammation is associated with the attenuation of HPA axis activation and reduction of oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of stressed mice. Accordingly, previous studies have demonstrated that the attenuation of the HPA axis and oxidative stress is correlated with the reduction of neuroinflammatory processes (Casaril et al 2019 ; Paltian et al 2020 ). Thus, our findings demonstrated the importance of the therapeutic use of 4-PSQ, since it was able to attenuate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the activation of the HPA axis, reducing depressive-like symptoms and memory impairment caused by stress.…”

“…These results demonstrate that 4-PSQ treatment is able to reverse neuronal oxidative damage and modulate the antioxidant defense system. Previously, 4-PSQ showed that it modulated oxidative stress in different experimental models (Pinz et al 2016 , 2018 ; Luchese et al 2020 ; Paltian et al 2020 ; Lemos et al 2021 ; Rodrigues et al 2021 ). These results are supported by a study by Vogt et al ( 2018 ) in which he demonstrated the antioxidant action of 4-PSQ in a cerebral oxidative stress model in mice, and they evidenced that compound action is entirely attributed to the presence of the organoselenium group in the molecule.…”

“…In this context, 7-chloro-4-(phenylselanyl) quinoline (4-PSQ), a quinoline functionalized with an organoselenium group, has been outstanding, given that it demonstrated several pharmacological effects. Previously, 4-PSQ showed an effect on disorders that affect the CNS in preclinical models, by reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety and depression (Reis et al 2017 ; Paltian et al 2020 ; Rodrigues et al 2021 ), prevention of memory impairment, and cognitive deficit (Duarte et al 2017 ; Pinz et al 2018 ; Barth et al 2019 ), as well as attenuation of AD comorbidity and anxiety in mice (Pinz et al 2018 ). Additionally, the anti-AD effect of 4-PSQ in mice was evidenced (Pinz et al 2018 ), as well as its action in improving the memory of aged rats (Barth et al 2019 ).…”

“…Additionally, the anti-AD effect of 4-PSQ in mice was evidenced (Pinz et al 2018 ), as well as its action in improving the memory of aged rats (Barth et al 2019 ). It should also be noted that the mechanisms related to the effects of 4-PSQ include its antioxidant action (Pinz et al 2016 ; Duarte et al 2017 ; Vogt et al 2018 ; Luchese et al 2020 ), anti-inflammatory effect (Pinz et al 2016 ; Silva et al 2017 ), as well as its ability to modulate the serotonergic, nitrergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic systems, evidencing the characteristic multi-target of this molecule (Pinz et al 2016 , 2018 ; Reis et al 2017 ; Silva et al 2017 ; Vogt et al 2018 ; Barth et al 2019 ; Paltian et al 2020 ). Furthermore, this compound has already demonstrated the absence of toxicity in mice (Reis et al 2017 ; Salgueiro et al 2017 ), modulation of synaptic plasticity through increased levels of neural cell adhesion molecules, and levels of polysialyltransferase in brain structures of elderly rats (Barth et al 2019 ), besides reducing glutamate uptake in the brain of mice (Reis et al 2017 ).…”