The antiviral activity of arctigenin in traditional Chinese medicine on porcine circovirus type 2

Liu

Anim Models and Exp Med

et al. 2018

PCV 2 is considered the main pathogen of porcine circovirus diseases and porcine circovirus‐associated diseases ( PCVD / PCVAD ). However, the exact mechanism underlying PCVD / PCVAD is currently unknown. Mouse models of PCV 2 are valuable experimental tools that can shed light on the pathogenesis of infection and will enable the evaluation of antiviral agents and vaccine candidates. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of mouse models used in PCV 2 research that has been performed to date, highlighting their strengths and limitations, as well as prospects for future PCV 2 studies.

Section: Evaluating Protective Chemicals and Antiviral Agents In Micementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Evaluating Protective Chemicals and Antiviral Agents In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse models of porcine circovirus 2 infection

Liu

Anim Models and Exp Med

et al. 2018

“…It was observed that dosage of 15.6–62.5 μ g/mL of ACT efficiently inhibit the thriving of PCV2 in PK-15 cells, while the intraperitoneal injection of 200 μ g/kg of ACT into PCV2-challenged mice significantly inhibited PCV2 proliferation in the lungs, spleens, and inguinal lymph nodes of the mice, showing similar effect to ribavirin, an antiviral drug that was used as positive control, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of ACT as an antiviral agent against PCV2 both in vitro and in vivo [151]. …”

Section: Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (Pcv2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Status ofPorcine circovirusType 2 and Its Associated Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

Afolabi

Iweriebor

Okoh

et al. 2017

Advances in Virology

Globally, Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a recognized viral pathogen of great economic value in pig farming. It is the major cause of ravaging postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and many other disease syndromes generally regarded as Porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) in Europe. PCV2 infections, specifically PMWS, had impacted huge economic loss on swine production at different regions of the world. It has been studied and reported at different parts of the globe including: North and South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Middle East, and the Caribbean. However, till date, this virus and its associated diseases have been grossly understudied in sub-Sahara African region and the entire continent at large. Two out of forty-nine, representing just about 4% of countries that make up sub-Sahara Africa presently, have limited records on reported cases and occurrence of the viral pathogen despite the ubiquitous nature of the virus. This review presents an overview of the discovery of Porcine circovirus and its associated diseases in global pig herds and emphasizes the latest trends in PCV2 vaccines and antiviral drugs development and the information gaps that exist on the occurrence of this important viral pathogen in swine herds of sub-Saharan Africa countries. This will serve as wake-up call for immediate and relevant actions by stakeholders in the region.

“…However, their use in aquaculture is still restricted due to the handling stress on fish, as well as high labour and production costs (Life, 2008). Moreover, RNA-mediated interference has also been reported to inhibit SVCV infection in vitro (Gotesman et al, 2015), but it takes a long time for this new technology to be put into production (Chen et al, 2015). Hence, there is no effective treatment for controlling SVCV in aquaculture up to now (Ashraf et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on the antiviral activity of arctigenin against spring viraemia of carp virus

et al. 2018

A B S T R A C TSpring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) causes high morality in several economically important cyprinid fishes, but there is no approved therapy up to now. To address the urgent need for therapeutics to combat SVCV infection, we investigated the anti-SVCV activities of 12 natural compounds and 7 common antiviral agents using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells in this study. From the 19 compounds, we identified arctigenin (ARG) has the highest inhibition on SVCV replication, with maximum inhibitory percentage on SVCV > 90%. And the 48 h half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 ) of ARG on SVCV glycoprotein and nucleoprotein were 0.29 (0.22-0.39) and 0.35 (0.29-0.41) mg/L respectively. In addition, ARG significantly reduced SVCV-induced apoptosis and recovered SVCV-activated caspase-3/8/9 activity. Further, cellular morphological damage induced by SVCV was blocked by ARG treatment. Mechanistically, ARG did not affect SVCV infectivity. Moreover, ARG could not induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which plays an antiviral role on SVCV. Interestingly, SVCV-induced autophagy which is necessary for virus replication was inhibited by ARG treatment. These results indicated that the inhibition of ARG on SVCV replication was, at least in part, via blocking SVCVinduced autophagy. Taken together, ARG has the potential to work as an agent for protecting economically important fishes against SVCV.