The Antitropical Factor in Cetacean Speciation

Davies, J. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1963.tb03258.x

Cited by 71 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is believed that the generic migratory pattern of large whales (feeding in higher latitudes during the summer months, and travelling to lower latitudes to calve and breed in the winter) serves as a relatively effective barrier to trans-equatorial gene flow [6], [7], leading towards reproductive isolation and ultimately speciation in each hemisphere. However, some species, like blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus Linneaus, 1758) can be found near the equator either seasonally or year-round [49], and trans-equatorial migrations and movements between ocean basins have been observed in other species as well [50], [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some species, like blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus Linneaus, 1758) can be found near the equator either seasonally or year-round [49], and trans-equatorial migrations and movements between ocean basins have been observed in other species as well [50], [51]. Changes in oceanographic conditions, such as cooling during Pleistocene glacial periods, could force anti-tropical forms closer together, increasing the likelihood of exchange [6]. These processes would be expected to produce a pattern in which anti-tropical pairs with a greater distributional hiatus near the equator are also more taxonomically divergent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differentiation between the hemispheres is a pattern mirrored in many cetaceans [6], [7] and is well supported. In contrast, the default condition that all Northern Hemisphere fin whales belong to the same subspecies ( B. p. physalus ) has not been evaluated and is unlikely given their disjunct distribution in the North Atlantic and North Pacific.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Mitogenomic Phylogenetics of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.): Genetic Evidence for Revision of Subspecies

et al. 2013

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There are three described subspecies of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus): B. p. physalus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Northern Hemisphere, B. p. quoyi Fischer, 1829 in the Southern Hemisphere, and a recently described pygmy form, B. p. patachonica Burmeister, 1865. The discrete distribution in the North Pacific and North Atlantic raises the question of whether a single Northern Hemisphere subspecies is valid. We assess phylogenetic patterns using ∼16 K base pairs of the complete mitogenome for 154 fin whales from the North Pacific, North Atlantic - including the Mediterranean Sea - and Southern Hemisphere. A Bayesian tree of the resulting 136 haplotypes revealed several well-supported clades representing each ocean basin, with no haplotypes shared among ocean basins. The North Atlantic haplotypes (n = 12) form a sister clade to those from the Southern Hemisphere (n = 42). The estimated time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) for this Atlantic/Southern Hemisphere clade and 81 of the 97 samples from the North Pacific was approximately 2 Ma. 14 of the remaining North Pacific samples formed a well-supported clade within the Southern Hemisphere. The TMRCA for this node suggests that at least one female from the Southern Hemisphere immigrated to the North Pacific approximately 0.37 Ma. These results provide strong evidence that North Pacific and North Atlantic fin whales should not be considered the same subspecies, and suggest the need for revision of the global taxonomy of the species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Mitogenomic Phylogenetics of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.): Genetic Evidence for Revision of Subspecies

et al. 2013

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“…North-south population pairs among large whales or taxon pairs among small cetaceans are typical (Davies 1963, Barnes 1985a. Cetacean diversity is highest in temperate latitudes and low in tropical and polar latitudes (Barnes 1977).…”

Section: Environmental Change and Paleozoogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolutionary History of Whales and Dolphins

Fordyce¹,

Barnes²

1994

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

190

146

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“…For example, inter and intra-specific differences between Atlantic and Pacific oceans are thought to have emerged by the formation of the Panama Land Bridge, ice barriers in the Arctic, or by differential environmental tolerance through the Arctic or the tropics [4], [5]. Conversely, periods of inter-glacial warming have allowed episodic contact between populations in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres over evolutionary time scales [6]. Barriers to dispersal have not fluctuated to the same extent throughout large parts of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) [7], and therefore populations of large migratory marine species in the SH may potentially show a higher degree of connectivity across ocean basins over evolutionary and demographic timeframes [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Structure of Humpback Whales from Their Breeding Grounds in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans

et al. 2009

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Although humpback whales are among the best-studied of the large whales, population boundaries in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) have remained largely untested. We assess population structure of SH humpback whales using 1,527 samples collected from whales at fourteen sampling sites within the Southwestern and Southeastern Atlantic, the Southwestern Indian Ocean, and Northern Indian Ocean (Breeding Stocks A, B, C and X, respectively). Evaluation of mtDNA population structure and migration rates was carried out under different statistical frameworks. Using all genetic evidence, the results suggest significant degrees of population structure between all ocean basins, with the Southwestern and Northern Indian Ocean most differentiated from each other. Effective migration rates were highest between the Southeastern Atlantic and the Southwestern Indian Ocean, followed by rates within the Southeastern Atlantic, and the lowest between the Southwestern and Northern Indian Ocean. At finer scales, very low gene flow was detected between the two neighbouring sub-regions in the Southeastern Atlantic, compared to high gene flow for whales within the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Our genetic results support the current management designations proposed by the International Whaling Commission of Breeding Stocks A, B, C, and X as four strongly structured populations. The population structure patterns found in this study are likely to have been influenced by a combination of long-term maternally directed fidelity of migratory destinations, along with other ecological and oceanographic features in the region.

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The Antitropical Factor in Cetacean Speciation

Cited by 71 publications

References 18 publications

Mitogenomic Phylogenetics of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.): Genetic Evidence for Revision of Subspecies

Mitogenomic Phylogenetics of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus spp.): Genetic Evidence for Revision of Subspecies

The Evolutionary History of Whales and Dolphins

Population Structure of Humpback Whales from Their Breeding Grounds in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans

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