The Antisickling Effect of the Arthrospira platensis bilins for Liver Protection: a Modeling, Hypothesis, and Food for Thought

Abstract

The increase in the number of the liver injury and diabetic patients' worldwide and particularly in sub-Sahara in Africa put a signal about that it might be a link between it and the regional diseases such as Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA). SCA is a genetic based disease and is one of the liver injury causative agents. Chronic liver injury patients' are susceptible to more complications such as the infection with viruses (e.g. Virus C), diabetic, immune disease, weakness, anemia etc. Arthrospira platensis proves be able to fight and to protect against different diseases at once. It has antiviral, antioxidant, antisickling, nutrient, and edible. In this study their bilins are evaluated for their antisickling effect using molecular modeling aiming to protect patients with SCA particularly the diabetic ones. In this study molecular modeling for the normal and sickle β-globin, molecules against five bilins [(1) Red bilin, (2) 21H-Bilin-1(22H)-one, (3) 21H-Bilin-1(24H)-one, (4) 1H-Bilin 1 one, and (5) 22H-Biline (21-bilin)] were investigated using protein modeling and docking. MODELLER v 9.8, Hex ver 8.0.0 and Discovery Studio 4.1 Client 4.1.0.14169 (Accelrys software Inc.) were used for modeling and docking. A. platensis bilins are evaluated also by comparing the visualized docking results. The total energy of the system (the molecule) for all of the used bilins with the sickle β-globin molecule particularly in both of the presence or the absence of the porphyrin ring prove to improve such energy to be almost equal to that obtained from the normal β-globin (with or without porphyrin ring). However, porphyrin ring is essential. A. platensis bilins using molecular modeling prove to be able to stabilize the sickle β-globin molecules particularly in the presence of the porphyrin ring. As being multifunction, it is recommended either as native biomass or as purified bilins to be used for the treatment of the SCA and the protection against further liver deterioration.

Volatile Compounds, Fatty Acids Constituents, and Antimicrobial Activity of Cultured Spirulina (Arthrospira fusiformis) Isolated from Lake Mariout in Egypt

“…Even fatty acids from Arthrospira fusiformis were found to have in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes [37]. Te effective health benefts of Arthrospira fusiformis have been extensively detailed in many scientifc reports [10,20,21,23,[26][27][28][29][30][60][61][62].…”

“…anti-infammatory [25][26][27], antioxidant [24,28,29], and anticancer activities [30]. Moreover, it plays a signifcant role in the treatment of wastewater, the fxation of CO 2 , as well as the production of biofuels, food colors, and methane [31][32][33].…”

“…It also exists in various habitats such as freshwater, marches, brackish water, seawater, soils, waters of domestic and industrial uses, and thermal springs [ 15 – 19 ]. Arthrospira fusiformis exhibits various pharmaceutical activities including antiviral [ 20 , 21 ], antibacterial [ 22 – 24 ], anti-inflammatory [ 25 – 27 ], antioxidant [ 24 , 28 , 29 ], and anticancer activities [ 30 ]. Moreover, it plays a significant role in the treatment of wastewater, the fixation of CO 2 , as well as the production of biofuels, food colors, and methane [ 31 – 33 ].…”