The Antiquity of Horses and Asses in West Africa: A Correction

Sutton, J. E. G.

doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1985.tb00235.x

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…105 In the absence of any convincing directionality through time in these dates, Berthier's claim for continuous occupation of the house from the late ninth to the early fifteenth century must stand on primarily stratigraphic and artifactual data, which, unfortunately, are not yet published. On the basis of these and other, previously reported dates, 106 Jean Devisse suggests that the urban settlement of Koumbi Saleh had begun by the late ninth century and reached its maximum expansion from the twelfth to the fifteenth century. 107 It now seems likely that the emergence of specialized industrial centres in the Mema, the consolidation of the Soninke Empire of Ghana, the appearance of massive, richly appointed funerary monuments along the Niger Bend, and the rise of Soninke towns like Jenne-jeno were all intimately related to the development of the indigenous long-distance trade in the first millennium A.D.…”

Section: The Sahelian Statesmentioning

confidence: 57%

Recent Archaeological Research and Dates from West Africa

McIntosh

1986

J. Afr. Hist.

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This article reports over 250 new radiocarbon dates relevant to recent archaeological research in West Africa. Thanks to the continuing trend towards series of dates from either single sites or groups of related sites, some major blanks on the archaeological map of West Africa have been replaced by well-dated regional sequences. An example is the Malian Sahara, where palaeoenvironmental and archaeological investigations at a large number of sites have clarified the relationship between Holocene climatic change and Late Stone Age occupation. Other areas that were largely archaeological unknowns until the research reported in this article was undertaken include the middle Senegal valley, the Inland Niger Delta, and the Bassar region in Togo. Other research included here reinterprets previously studied, ‘classic’ Late Stone Age sequences, such as Adrar Bous, Kintampo and Tichitt. There are also new dates and details for early copper in Niger and Mauritania which prompt a reconsideration of the true nature of this proposed ‘Copper Age’. Of particular significance to general reconstructions of West African prehistory is the documentation of regional and long-distance trade accompanying the emergence of complex societies along the Middle Senegal and Middle Niger in the first millennium A.D.The article begins with a brief commentary on calibration, in view of the recent publication of high-precision calibration curves. Several prevalent misconceptions of what calibration is and what it ought to do are addressed. We suggest that archaeologists and historians should routinely make reference to calibration in order to avoid misinterpreting radiocarbon results.

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Section: The Sahelian Statesmentioning

confidence: 57%

Recent Archaeological Research and Dates from West Africa

McIntosh

1986

J. Afr. Hist.

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“…and domestic ovicaprine (goat and sheep) (Fig. 1) during the early-middle Holocene (di Lernia, 2013a), the domestication of donkeys (Equus sp., africanus asinus) in Egypt in the fourth millennium BCE (Sutton, 1985;Blench, 2000;Rossel et al, 2008;Mitchell, 2018), and the later introduction of dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) to support the caravan routes across Egypt and North Africa around the first/second millennium BCE (Rowley-Conwey, 1988;Knoll and Burger, 2012;Almathen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Humans and Herding In North Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced zoogeomorphological processes in North Africa in thehuman-impacted landscapes of the Anthropocene

Zerboni

Nicoll

2019

Geomorphology

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“…Equine teeth have been recovered from excavations in Central Nigeria from Rock Shelters at Kariya Wuro (Allsworth-Jones, 1982) and Rop. The Rop teeth, in particular, which are dated to first millennium BC, have been identified as those of a wild ass or donkey (Sutton, 1985). This seems most unlikely, unless either the stratigraphy at Rop is misleading or these are in fact pony teeth.…”

Section: Archaeology and Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal-related concepts across languages and cultures from a cognitive linguistic perspective

Belkhir

2019

CogLS

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This paper investigates the use of animal-related concepts in the proverbs of English, French, Arabic, and Kabyle. Research in cognitive linguistics has highlighted the important role played by cultural influences in conceptual metaphor variation (Kövecses 2005). Animal-related proverbs constitute interesting examples of cultural influences upon conceptual metaphor and its instantiation in language (Belkhir 2014, 2012). The principle of hierarchy underlying the Great Chain Metaphor Theory has been questioned. It has been demonstrated that in addition to the ranking of human and animal concepts on a hierarchical scale, animal concepts were also ranked on the scale (Belkhir 2014). The present article attempts to show that there exists another type of ranking that seems to have never been explored to date; that is, the ranking of concepts within the same animal species. Therefore, this paper offers a cross-cultural cognitive study of some animal-related concepts’ use in a sample of English, French, Arabic, and Kabyle proverbs. Its aim is to explore the influence of cultural contexts and cultural models upon the main meaning foci characterizing the concepts dog, lion, ass, horse, camel, and ox leading to, not only a hierarchical classification of these animals, but to a classification of animals within one animal species as a result of the influences of cultural contexts and cultural models. The conclusion is that sociocultural contexts determine the main meaning foci characterizing the animal source domain concepts involved in the human is animal metaphor resulting in animal-animal rankings within different species, and animal-animal rankings within the same species.

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The Antiquity of Horses and Asses in West Africa: A Correction

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Recent Archaeological Research and Dates from West Africa

Recent Archaeological Research and Dates from West Africa

Enhanced zoogeomorphological processes in North Africa in thehuman-impacted landscapes of the Anthropocene

Animal-related concepts across languages and cultures from a cognitive linguistic perspective

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