The Antioxidative Effects of Flavones in Hypertensive Disease

Abstract

Hypertension is the leading remediable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the United States. Excess dietary salt consumption, which is a catalyst of hypertension, initiates an inflammatory cascade via activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This pro-inflammatory response is driven primarily by sodium ions (Na+) transporting into APCs by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and subsequent NADPH oxidase activation, leading to high levels of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, a well-known catalyst for hypertension-related illness development, disturbs redox homeostasis, which ultimately promotes lipid peroxidation, isolevuglandin production and an inflammatory response. Natural medicinal compounds derived from organic materials that are characterized by their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-mutagenic properties have recently gained traction amongst the pharmacology community due to their therapeutic effects. Flavonoids, a natural phenolic compound, have these therapeutic benefits and can potentially serve as anti-hypertensives. Flavones are a type of flavonoid that have increased anti-inflammatory effects that may allow them to act as therapeutic agents for hypertension, including diosmetin, which is able to induce significant arterial vasodilation in several different animal models. This review will focus on the activity of flavones to illuminate potential preventative and potential therapeutic mechanisms against hypertension.

Sakuranetin as a Potential Regulator of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Promoting Vasorelaxation through Calcium Channel Blockade

“…Initiating antihypertensive therapy as early as possible and sustaining it is crucial in hypertensive patients, as a reduction in SBP contributes to preventing cardiac complications associated with hypertension [6,32]. Natural compounds harbor substantial potential for providing overwhelming protection against degenerative diseases, including CVDs, owing to their diverse mechanisms of action and targets [9,33]. In particular, natural compounds mainly exhibit vascular relaxation effects through various mechanisms such as the NO/cGMP pathway, the eicosanoid system, the opening of K + channels, and the blockage of Ca 2+ channels [25].…”

“…Natural compounds derived from medicinal plants have emerged as promising candidates for CVD treatment owing to their diverse pharmacological properties, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, antithrombotic, and immunomodulatory effects [8,9]. Notably, natural compounds have demonstrated significant BP-lowering effects, with 82 natural compounds approved as antihypertensive agents by the Food and Drug Administration from 1981 to 2019 [10,11].…”

Association between dietary flavonoid intake and hypertension among U.S. adults

“…Increased NO bioavailability improves vasodilatation and circulation and protects the vascular endothelium by affecting protein kinases, ion channels, and phosphodiesterases and counteracting vascular inflammation and low-density lipoprotein oxidative stress (22). Intake of flavonoids can help improve vascular health and reduce the risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease (23).…”