The antioxidant properties and microbial load of Moringa oleifera leaves dried using a prototype convective air-dryer

Ramarao, Kivaandra Dayaa Rao; Somasundram, Chandran; Razali, Asbah; Kunasekaran, Wijenthiran; Jin, Tan Li

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103290

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Whereas increasing drying temperature (-45°C), vacuum pressure (2.5mm/Hg) and drying time (24 h) 45°C) resulted in a greater loss of heat sensitivity nutrients such as carotene and ascorbic acids. When drying temperature increase above optimum level, reduction in TAA due to the phenolic compound's high hydrogen atom-donating ability, increased phenolic content was associated with better antioxidant activity at optimum temperature (Ramarao et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optimization of freeze drying parameters for moringa (Moringa oleifera) flower powder by using response surface methodology and principal component analysis

et al. 2022

J. Hortic. Sci.

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Moringa oleifera Lam. is an incredible plant because of vital nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and phytochemicals. The present work is focused on studying the optimization and quality attributes retention in moringa flowers in a freeze dryer (FD). Because the conventional drying process takes more time and energy which will affect the product quality and safety. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the effect of drying temperature (- 65 to - 45°C), vacuum pressure (0.5 to 2.5 mmHg) and drying time (18 to 24 h.) on the vitamin C, total antioxidant activity(TAA) and hygroscopicity (HS) of moringa flower. The developed model response R2 values of vitamin C 0.96, total antioxidant activity 0.97 and hygroscopicity0.95. Based on response surface and desirability (0.74) functions, moringa flower was freeze sdried at - 63.75°C for18 hr under 0.55 vacuum pressure had an optimum level of vitamin C 285.84 mg/100g, TAA 453.20 mg/100g and HS 1.57 percent. Freeze dried moringa flower powder at -55°C had maximum drying characteristics with special reference to high powder recovery (98.75%) and excellent flowability.The first principal component, accounting for 52.15 per cent and two 23.02 per cent of the total variance resolved the different drying temperatures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Optimization of freeze drying parameters for moringa (Moringa oleifera) flower powder by using response surface methodology and principal component analysis

et al. 2022

J. Hortic. Sci.

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“…Lou et al [30] suggested that high TPC might contribute to the high antioxidant activity, which is probably due to the high hydrogen-donating ability of phenolic compounds [31]. The antioxidant activity of a leaf sample is also strongly related to its flavonoid content where the higher the content, the higher the radical scavenging activity [1,32,33]. Future studies can explore this further by testing multiple concentrations of the sun-dried leaf extract to optimise its antioxidant content and DPPH radical scavenging activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injection temperature was 300 • C (splitless mode); the oven temperature was programmed from 40 • C and held for 5 min to 160 • C at a rate of 4 • C/min, then to 280 • C at a rate of 5 • C/min and held for 15 min. Identifications were based on mass spectral matching with standard compounds in the NIST library with a similarity index of at least 80% [33]. The relative amounts of individual components were expressed as percent peak areas relative to the total peak area.…”

Section: Screening Of Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Drying Methods on the Antioxidant Properties of Piper betle Leaves

Ramarao,

Razali,

Somasundram

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Piper betle leaf powder is increasingly utilised as a health supplement. In this study, P. betle leaves were subjected to four different drying methods: convective air-drying, oven-drying, sun-drying, and no drying, with fresh leaves as control. Their antioxidant properties were then evaluated using colourimetric assays and GC-MS. Results showed that the sun-dried leaves had the highest (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (66.23 ± 0.10 mg AAE/g), total polyphenol content (133.93 ± 3.76 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (81.25 ± 3.26 mg CE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (56.48 ± 0.11%), and the lowest alkaloid content (45.684 ± 0.265 mg/gm). GC-MS analysis revealed that major constituents of aqueous extracts of fresh and sun-dried P. betle leaves were hydrazine 1,2-dimethyl-; ethyl aminomethylformimidate; glycerin; propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (+/−)-; and 1,2-Cyclopentanedione. In conclusion, sun-dried leaves exhibited overall better antioxidant properties, and their aqueous extracts contained biologically active phytoconstituents that have uses in various fields.

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“…All the plant parts (leaves, roots, seeds, etc.) revealed high nutritional contents, including protein, fibers, minerals, and vitamins, which encouraged its wide implementation in food and feed recipes (Abd El‐Hack et al., 2022; Aldakheel et al., 2020; Gopalakrishnan et al., 2016; Ramarao et al., 2022; Yalew et al., 2019). Several studies have reported the antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and wound‐healing activities of M. oleifera leaf and seed extracts in vitro (Ali et al., 2022; Ben Mahmoud et al., 2022; Chigurupati et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleifera seed methanol extract with consolidated antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities

El‐Fakharany,

Elsharkawy,

El‐Maradny

et al. 2024

Journal of Food Science

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The wide biological activity of the Moringa oleifera represents a potential opportunity for developing selective cancer treatment drugs. The bioactive phytochemicals in Moringa seed extract (MSE) indicated large numbers of phytochemicals (21 compounds) with dominant abundance for cycloisolongifolene, 8,9‐dehydro‐9‐vinyl, and chamazulene accounting for 12.7% and 12.19% of the total detected compounds. The MSE showed a potent anticancer effect toward Caco‐2, MDA, and HepG‐2 cells with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.15 ± 1.18, 4.85 ± 0.11, and 7.36 ± 0.22 µg/mL, respectively, with higher safety (≥31‐folds) toward normal human cells (IC50 of 150.7 ± 11.11 µg/mL). It appears that MSE stimulates selective‐dose‐dependent cell shrinkage, and nuclear condensation in the tumor cells, which finally induces the apoptosis pathway to increase its anticancer action. Additionally, MSE showed a potent capability to stimulate cell cycle arrest in both main checkpoint phases (G0/G1 and G2/M) of cell population growth. The apoptotic death stimulation was confirmed through upregulation of tumor protein p53 (p53) and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21) expression by more than three‐ to sixfold and downregulation of B‐cell lymphoma 2 expression (threefold) in MSE‐treated cells compared to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐treated tumor cells. Furthermore, the MSE revealed strong anti‐inflammatory activity with significant antioxidant activity by lowering nitric oxide levels and enhancing the superoxide dismutase activity. On the other hand, the MSE revealed broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity in a dose‐dependent manner against Staphylococcus aureus minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC of 1.25 mg/mL), followed by Salmonella typhimurium (MIC of 1.23 mg/mL), whereas Escherichia coli was the least sensitive to MSE activity (MIC of 22.5 mg/mL) with significant antibiofilm activity against sensitive pathogens.

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The antioxidant properties and microbial load of Moringa oleifera leaves dried using a prototype convective air-dryer

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Optimization of freeze drying parameters for moringa (Moringa oleifera) flower powder by using response surface methodology and principal component analysis

Optimization of freeze drying parameters for moringa (Moringa oleifera) flower powder by using response surface methodology and principal component analysis

Effects of Drying Methods on the Antioxidant Properties of Piper betle Leaves

Moringa oleifera seed methanol extract with consolidated antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities

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