The Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Potential of Phenolic Acids-Enriched Extract of Elicited Hairy Roots of Salvia bulleyana

Abstract

Hairy root cultures are valuable sources of a range of phytochemicals. Among them, Salvia bulleyana root culture is a promising source of polyphenols, especially rosmarinic acid (RA), a phenolic acid depside with pleiotropic activity and a wide application in medicine and cosmetology. The aim of the study was to enhance the culture productivity by finding suitable elicitation protocol and to determine its biological potential in terms of antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial properties. The total content of phenols and the levels of particular constituents in root extracts were analyzed using HPLC-PDA. Among four elicitors tested (yeast extract; methyl jasmonate, MJA; trans-anethol; and cadmium chloride), MJA was found to be the most effective. The greatest boost in phenolic production (up to 124.4 mg/g dry weight) was observed after three-day treatment with MJA at 100 µM, with an almost 100% improvement compared to the controls (non-treated root culture). The hydromethanolic extract from the elicited culture exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 11.1 µg/mL, 6.5 µg/mL and 69.5 µg/mL for DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) and superoxide anion radical, respectively. Moreover, in concentrations of 0.5–5 mg/mL the extract inhibited the growth of LoVo, AGS and HeLa cell lines, but was safe for the L929 cells up to the concentration of 5 mg/mL. The extract also exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity. Thus, the results confirmed that elicitation can be a beneficial strategy for increase the phenolic acid biosynthesis in hairy roots of S. bulleyana, and that such a highly productive culture can show significant biological potential.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE Based Profiling of the Chemical Composition of Different Parts of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

“…Additionally, research has demonstrated that the chemical constituents of phenolic acids possess strong antioxidant capacity. 24,25 It exhibits antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antitumor, and other pharmacological effects, which may be linked to the content and type of phenolic acids present in T. hemsleyanum . Polysaccharide is also a crucial active compound in T. hemsleyanum and is one of its saccharides.…”

Impact of Elicitation on Plant Antioxidants Production in Taxus Cell Cultures

“…Among the phenolic acids, the highest content of hydroxycinnamic acids was obtained at day 8 after COR elicitation; notably, the content of ferulic acid (approximately 1200 µg/g DW) was 2-fold higher than in control conditions. Similarly, [ 34 ] reported the beneficial effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the accumulation of phenolic acids, mainly rosmarinic acid, in in vitro Salvia bulleyana hairy roots; the total content doubled compared to the control after only 3 days of exposure to the elicitor. The antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties of this class of phenolic compounds were also clearly demonstrated, their scavenging activity against different free radicals being 3−fold higher compared to industrial synthetic antioxidants.…”

The Effect of Salvia tomentosa Miller Extracts, Rich in Rosmarinic, Salvianolic and Lithospermic Acids, on Bacteria Causing Opportunistic Infections

“…Their corresponding fragmentation ions at m/z 359 and (197, 179, 161, and 135) derived from rosmarinic acid (359) (the main component of its fragmentation), resulting from a loss of hexoside moiety (−162 u) from a molecular ion at m/z 521. Rosmarinic acid hexosides have been previously identified as the predominant ingredients in S. viridis [20], S. bulleyana [21], S. officinalis [22], S. blepharochlaena [23], S. viridis [24], and S. cadmica [25]. Peak number identities are displayed in Table 1.…”