The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Camel Milk

Behrouz, Sepide; Saadat, Saeideh; Memarzia, Arghavan; Sarir, Hadi; Folkerts, Gert; Boskabady, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.855342

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(131 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The inhibitory effect of camel milk against pathogenic micro-organisms is well known [ 76 ]. In addition, several bioactive compounds (lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin, β-caseins and vitamin C, lysozyme, IgG and secretory IgA, and insulin-like protein) present in camel milk exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties [ 77 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune System and Epidemics: The Role of African Indigenous Bioactive Substances

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With over 6 million coronavirus pandemic deaths, the African continent reported the lowest death rate despite having a high disease burden. The African community’s resilience to the pandemic has been attributed to climate and weather conditions, herd immunity, repeated exposure to infectious organisms that help stimulate the immune system, and a disproportionately large youth population. In addition, functional foods, herbal remedies, and dietary supplements contain micronutrients and bioactive compounds that can help boost the immune system. This review identified significant traditional fermented foods and herbal remedies available within the African continent with the potential to boost the immune system in epidemics and pandemics. Methodology: Databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched using relevant search terms to identify traditional African fermented foods and medicinal plants with immune-boosting or antiviral capabilities. Cereal-based fermented foods, meat-, and fish-based fermented foods, and dairy-based fermented foods containing antioxidants, immunomodulatory effects, probiotics, vitamins, and peptides were identified and discussed. In addition, nine herbal remedies and spices belonging to eight plant families have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and antiviral properties. Peptides, flavonoids, alkaloids, sterols, ascorbic acid, minerals, vitamins, and saponins are some of the bioactive compounds in the remedies. Bioactive compounds in food and plants significantly support the immune system and help increase resistance against infectious diseases. The variety of food and medicinal plants found on the African continent could play an essential role in providing community resilience against infectious diseases during epidemics and pandemics. The African continent should investigate nutritional, herbal, and environmental factors that support healthy living and longevity.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune System and Epidemics: The Role of African Indigenous Bioactive Substances

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our results can be explained from the work of Behrouz et al . 60 , Salwa 61 and Jihen et al . 62 , they reported that camel milk includes high quantities of antioxidants like vitamins A, E, and C as well as minerals like Zn, Se, and Mg that are linked to higher levels of glutathione, GPx, and SOD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of cow, buffalo, goat or camel milk consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response post weaning time

Amr,

Farid

2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Milk is a whitish liquid that is secreted from mammary glands; and considered as the primary source of nutrition for newborns since they are not able to digest solid food. However, it contains primary nutrients, as well as growth and immune factors. Early weaning is a critical issue that face women and their babies in developing countries. To avoid infant malnutrition, they tend to use other milk types instead of baby formula. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of cow, buffalo, goat or camel milk consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response in male and female Sprague Dawley rats post weaning time. The amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in the tested milk types were evaluated. Animals were divided into 5 groups (control, cow, buffalo, goat and camel milk administrated groups) (10 rats/group); each animal was administrated by 3.4 ml/day. Rats were administered with milk for 6 weeks; at the end of the 5th week, five animals of each group were isolated and the remaining five animals were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and kept for another week to mount immune response. The effect of different milk types on rats’ immune response towards SRBCs was evaluated through pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, ESR and CRP measurement; together, with the histopathological examination of spleen samples and hemagglutination assay. Camel milk consumption reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in spleen that resulted from SRBCs immunization; in addition to, B cell stimulation that was apparent from the high level of anti-SRBCs antibodies. Camel milk is recommended for newborn consumption, due to its high-water content, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin C, as well as low lactose and fat content.

show abstract

“…Besides these effects, CM possesses antiviral properties against hepatitis C virus, cytomegalo virus, rotavirus, herpes simplex virus-1 and human immunodeficiency virus [ 121 ]. Moreover, they have been reported to possess antifungal properties ( Candida albicans ); although much less literature is available in this regard [ 84 , 122 ]. It has been argued that these effects were mainly attributed to the presence of greater amounts of LF, LZ, Igs, NAGase, PGRPs and LP etc.…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Camel Milk (Cm) Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective

Khan

Ansari

Uddin

et al. 2022

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Camel milk (CM) constitutes an important dietary source in the hot and arid regions of the world. CM is a colloidal mixture of nutritional components (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, and minerals) and non-nutritional components (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and exosomes). Although the majority of previous research has been focused on the nutritional components of CM; there has been immense interest in the non-nutritional components in the recent past. Reckoning with these, in this review, we have provided a glimpse of the recent trends in CM research endeavors and attempted to provide our perspective on the therapeutic efficacy of the nutritional and non-nutritional components of CM. Interestingly, with concerted efforts from the research fraternities, convincing evidence for the better understanding of the claimed traditional health benefits of CM can be foreseen with great enthusiasm and is indeed eagerly anticipated.

show abstract

The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Camel Milk

Cited by 34 publications

References 99 publications

Immune System and Epidemics: The Role of African Indigenous Bioactive Substances

Immune System and Epidemics: The Role of African Indigenous Bioactive Substances

Impact of cow, buffalo, goat or camel milk consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response post weaning time

Prospective Role of Bioactive Molecules and Exosomes in the Therapeutic Potential of Camel Milk against Human Diseases: An Updated Perspective

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About