The Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Properties and Phytochemical Profile of Clusia latipes Extracts

Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes has increased more rapidly in low and middleincome countries than in high-income countries. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), which is the most common form of diabetes, is caused by the inefficient use of insulin in the body and is characterized by disrupted insulin action or secretion. Also, oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of disease. The goal of this study is to identify the antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties of Clusia latipes, an endemic species of Central and South America. Methods: The antioxidant and hypoglycemic capacity of the extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) of the leaves and stems of Clusia latipes were evaluated. From the most potent extract, the phytochemical study was carried out and fractionated. Antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), while hypoglycemic capacity was measured by alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Results: The extracts with the highest antioxidant capacity are the extracts with the highest α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Inhibitory activity increased in samples extracted with medium polar (ethyl acetate) and polar (methanol) solvents. Phytochemical screening of these extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids/xanthones, quinones, saponins, and tannins. The highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was detected in the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from leaf methanol extract, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) value of 0.90 μg/ml. The major constituent isolated from the same fraction was isoquercitrin.

Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants: An Update and Perspectives

“…A direct relationship between the antioxidant capacity and the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was demonstrated for the EtOAc extract. This extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity while producing the strongest enzyme inhibitor with an IC 50 = 0.90 µg/mL [50].…”

“…Alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, and saponins were detected in organic extracts of the plant collected in the Loja province. Isoquercitrin (7) (Figure 2) was isolated from the EtOAc extract [50].…”

Hypoglycemic Effect of Two Mexican Medicinal Plants

“…Furthermore, other South American species like Clusia latipes Planch. & Triana (Clusiaceae) [28] and Terminalia phaeocarpa Eichler (Combretaceae) [29] shown to possess inhibitory activity on -glucosidases, which was reported as not significant in the Mexican species in this study. However, even though both plants presented a modest inhibition of -glucosidases (around 25%), this mechanism could contribute to the hypoglycemic effect in the postprandial state in a synergistic way, namely the possible reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia by these plants could be mainly due to other mechanisms, such as insulin secretion, improvement of insulin function, and blocking of intestinal absorption, rather than inhibition of carbohydrate breakdown.…”

Antidiabetic Activity of Potential Probiotics Limosilactobacillus spp., Levilactobacillus spp., and Lacticaseibacillus spp. Isolated from Fermented Sugarcane Juice: A Comprehensive In Vitro and In Silico Study

“…The isolates' ability to scavenge ABTS radicals was examined using the approach described by Silva-Rivas et al, with a few minor modifications [45]. Furthermore, the DPPH radical-scavenging capability was carried out in accordance with the earlier research by Li et al with slight modification [42].…”

“…In addition to traits examined for probiotic qualities, functional traits of Lactobacillus spp., like antioxidant capacity, are important to assess. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses [45]. The most harmful reactive oxygen species are hydroxyl and related radicals, which cause oxidative damage to biomolecules.…”