The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rice Bran Phenolic Extracts

Abstract

Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be linked to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Dietary polyphenols have been demonstrated to contain potent bioactivity against specific inflammatory pathways. Rice bran (RB), a by-product generated during the rice milling process, is normally used in animal feed or discarded due to its rancidity. However, RB is known to be abundant in bioactive polyphenols including phenolic acids. This study investigates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of RB phenolic extracts (25, 50, 100, and 250 µg/mL) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation such as malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12, p70 (IL-12p70), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured in vitro. Treatment with RB extracts significantly decreased the production of MDA, intracellular reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-12p70, and IFN-γ) when compared to the control. It is proposed that RB phenolic extracts, via their metal chelating properties and free radical scavenging activity, target pathways of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in the alleviation of vascular inflammatory mediators.

Antioxidation, Anti-Inflammation, and Regulation of SRD5A Gene Expression of Oryza sativa cv. Bue Bang 3 CMU Husk and Bran Extracts as Androgenetic Alopecia Molecular Treatment Substances

“…Our result was consistent with previously reported results that gallic acid was mostly evident in the bran fraction of non-pigmented rice [ 19 ]. p -Hydroxybenzoic acid has been reported to be the major phenolic acid in rice husk and cereal grains, such as wheat, barley, and corn [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Phenolic acids exhibited higher antioxidant activities than those of α-tocopherol, anthocyanins, and γ-oryzanol [ 19 ]. A recent study has been shown that phenolic compounds of rice bran extract have the potential to reduce oxidizing free radicals and suppress ROS formation in an oxidative stress environment through the inhibition of radical-producing enzymes and the enhancement of an antioxidant defense system [ 30 ]. In addition, hydroxide groups of polysaccharides serve as electron donors and stabilize free radicals, thereby terminating radical chain reactions [ 28 ].…”

Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Pretreatment on the Functional and Structural Properties of Rice Bran Protein Hydrolysates

“…Rice bran is a low-priced, underutilized major by-product of rice processing [ 1 ]. Rice bran contains protein (12–16%), fat (15–20%), and fiber (23–28%) [ 2 ].…”

Non-Targeted Dried Blood Spot-Based Metabolomics Analysis Showed Rice Bran Supplementation Effects Multiple Metabolic Pathways during Infant Weaning and Growth in Mali

“…Yet, the milling and processing of rice leaves the polished white rice grains depleted of these nutrients, and the bran is commonly used in animal feed or discarded [20,24]. Rice bran has demonstrated a number of health benefits in people across the lifespan, including as a nutrient-dense source of prebiotics and phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chronic disease-fighting properties [25][26][27]. The potential benefits for the prevention of diarrheal disease via microbiome modulation further contribute to healthy guts and microbiomes [28][29][30][31].…”