The Antioxidant Activity of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation

Abstract

Undaria pinnatifida, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the body result in cellular oxidative damage. Several extraction methods exist; however, factors such as long extraction times and high temperatures degrade polysaccharides. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the yield of U. pinnatifida sporophyll extract (UPE), a U. pinnatifida byproduct, using ultrasonication, an environmentally friendly extraction method, and identify UPE components with antioxidant activity. UPE_2, 4, 6, and 8 extracts were obtained at extraction times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. UPE_8 had the highest yield (31.91%) and polysaccharide (69.22%), polyphenol, (8.59 GAE μg/mg), and fucoxanthin contents (2.3 μg/g). UPE_8 showed the greatest protective and inhibitory effects on ROS generation in H2O2-damaged Vero cells. Ethanol precipitation of UPE_8 confirmed that UPE_8P (precipitate) had superior antioxidant activity in Vero cells compared to UPE_8S (supernatant). UPE_8P contained a large amount of polysaccharides, a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of UPE_8. This study shows that UPE_8 obtained using ultrasonication can be a functional food ingredient with excellent antioxidant activity.

Effect of Crude Polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava Hydrolysate on Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Hanwoo Muscle Stem Cells for Cultured Meat Production

“…Many studies on the functionality of crude polysaccharide obtained from seaweed through ethanol precipitation have already been reported [20,44,45]. It can be confirmed through previous studies that the content of polysaccharide in sediment increases during ethanol precipitation [20,45,46]. Therefore, it is thought that the positive effect of ECC_CPS3 on the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem cells obtained from this study was caused by the polysaccharide present in the E. cava extract.…”

“…Many studies on the functionality of crude polysaccharide obtained from seaweed through ethanol precipitation have already been reported [20,44,45]. It can be confirmed through previous studies that the content of polysaccharide in sediment increases during ethanol precipitation [20,45,46].…”

“…The monosaccharide composition of ECC and ECC_CPSs was analyzed using highperformance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) [20]. The used detector and column were pulsed amperometric detector (Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and CarboPac™ PA10 column (I.D.…”

“…The functional activities of polysaccharides are greatly influenced by the monosaccharides that they contain [20]. Therefore, the monosaccharide compositions of ECC and ECC_CPSs as revealed by HPAEC analysis are shown in Figure 1.…”