The antimicrobial and bioactive properties of lactobionic acid

Abstract

Lactobionic acid (LBA) is a bioactive molecule that has generated keen interest in different industries. However, its future application in the food area is one of the most promising. Chemically, it is a polyhydroxy acid formed by the union of two molecules (galactose and gluconic acid) linked by an ether-bond, showing many interesting and unusual properties due to its structure and composition, although it is traditionally known in the food industry for its chelating, moisturizing, gelling, and antioxidant properties. There has been much research into the production of LBA, either by microbial fermentation or biocatalytic approaches such as enzymatic synthesis, but its use in foodstuffs, to produce new functional products and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogens, is a relatively new topic that has attracted the interest of the international research community recently. Furthermore, in spite of the potential of LBA, it has been approved only by the US Food and Drug Administration, and for its use as the salt form, but the publication of new comprehensive studies, able to agglutinate all the new food-related LBA research results, could disseminate knowledge about this compound and have an influence on its current regulation status. The aim of the present review is to describe the most recent advances and research on its antimicrobial potential, as well as summarizing the significant aspects that make LBA a promising bioactive compound for the food sector.

The prevention effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri on acute kidney injury by regulating gut microbiota

“…In this study, we identified numerous distinct metabolites and metabolic pathways distinguishing the L. reuteri + LPS group from the control group. For example, L. reuteri + LPS group had a higher concentration of lactobionic acid, which has antimicrobial and bioactive properties such as oxidation resistance and was widely used in the food industry 43,44 . Based on the different metabolites between the two groups, the changed pathways were also analyzed; during these pathways, there were several amino acid metabolism pathways, such as tyrosine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism.…”

“…For example, L. reuteri + LPS group had a higher concentration of lactobionic acid, which has antimicrobial and bioactive properties such as oxidation resistance and was widely used in the food industry. 43,44 Based on the different metabolites between the two groups, the changed pathways were also analyzed; during these pathways, there were several amino acid metabolism pathways, such as tyrosine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism; and arginine and proline metabolism. The different amino acid metabolism may hint us the changed protein metabolism, which can directly influence the host pathophysiological activity.…”

Nondairy food applications of whey and milk permeates: Direct and indirect uses

“…These include mineral (e.g., calcium) fortification in beverages, flavor enhancement of fruit preparations, water retention in meat‐based products, and antistaling effects in bread (Cardoso et al., 2019). In addition, LBA has also been shown to have some prebiotic characteristics (Goderska, 2019) and can be used as an antimicrobial in food (Sáez‐Orviz et al., 2022). However, the toxicology of LBA still has not been fully investigated and therefore it has not yet been regulated for use in food in the EU (Cardoso et al., 2019).…”

Production of Lactobionic Acid Using Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Fruit Myrciaria dubia Extract

“…Lactobionic acid (LBA) is composed of gluconic acid linked by an ether bond to a galactose that, according to its structure and composition, has properties of great interest [1]. Tis LBA is a polyhydroxy acid with various proven applications in food, medical, pharmaceutical [2], cosmetic [3], and chemical [4] industries.…”