The antimalarial activity of some quinolone esters

Ryley, John F.; Peters, W.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1970.11686683

Cited by 357 publications

(314 citation statements)

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“…Although P. gallinaceum has been widely used as a tool for screening potential human antimalarial agents (Peters, 1974;Richards, 1984), it has not necessarily given results that are in accord with those obtained by using mammalian plasmodia such as Plasmodium berghei in mice. For instance, the second most potent blood schizonticide of 10 quinolones tested against P. berghei exhibited no activity at all against P. gallinaceum using the same sole criterion (Ryley & Peters, 1970). Clearly then, P. gallinaceum used in the chicken host is the ideal model for identifying potential antimalarial compounds for veterinary use in commercial fowl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it seems more likely, because of its original designation (Normal Ceylon) at the Wellcome Laboratories, that it is a sample of strain 8A defined by the Committee on Terminology of Avian Malaria of the American Society of Parasitologists (see McGhee, 1949). I have therefore here designated Dr Richards's stabilate as the Wellcome line of strain 8A, to distinguish it from other lines of the same strain that might have been maintained elsewhere in the UK (for example, Ryley & Peters, 1970) or in the USA (for example, McGhee et al ., 1977).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian malaria: clinical and chemical pathology ofPlasmodium gallinaceumin the domesticated fowlGallus gallus

Rb¹

2005

Avian Pathology

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Data on the effects of Plasmodium gallinaceum on domesticated fowl are sparse, justifying a full investigation of its pathology. Clinical signs following blood-induced infections with the Wellcome line of strain 8A included depression, fever, anorexia, reduced weight gain, poor feed conversion, anaemia, green faeces and often death. After administration of 10 6 erythrocytic parasites, mortality 5 to 10 days after infection was 10% to 93% in chickens 7 to 84 days old. The older the birds, the lower the mortality and the longer the time to death. Onset of detectable parasitaemia occurred mostly during the second day after infection (59% of birds). Peak parasitaemia ( Â/70%) occurred on the sixth day in 85% of surviving birds. The patent period was usually 7 to 19 days. Abnormally low haematocrit values of 5/24% and high colonic temperatures of ]/428C were recorded. A febrile response is demonstrated conclusively here in P. gallinaceum malaria for the first time. Weight gain of malarious birds was reduced by Â/18% to 51%, and feed conversion efficiency was often reduced by Â/12% to 41%. Growth reduction was due entirely to anorexia. Liver weight relative to body weight (normally Â/2% to 3%) increased to Â/4.5% by 8 days, and relative spleen weight (normally Â/0.2%) increased to 1.6% by 12 days. Specific gravities of livers and spleens in healthy and infected birds were Â/1.09. Gall bladder volume in malarious birds 8 days after infection was approximately four times that of normal birds. Statistically significant changes occurred in the proportions of plasma proteins in malarious birds 8 days after infection; albumin and a 2 -globulin were reduced, while g 1 -globulin and g 2 -globulin were increased. Those changes coincided with significant increases in concentrations of plasma total protein and the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and g-glutamyltransferase, and a decrease in creatinine. Green (biliverdin) colouration of the faeces was a consistent sign of malaria. Birds acquired non-sterile immunity after a single primary infection. The quantitative data presented facilitate selection of the most useful criteria for field diagnosis, estimation of potential economic losses, and assessment of potential avian antimalarial drugs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian malaria: clinical and chemical pathology ofPlasmodium gallinaceumin the domesticated fowlGallus gallus

Rb¹

2005

Avian Pathology

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“…Methods: In this study, 48 adult male mice, (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) 8 when compared to that on day 0, whereas it was 9% on day 9. There was no orchitis found in this group.…”

Section: Plasmodium Bergheimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glass slides were painted with emersion oil and ocular 10 暳 , and 100 暳 fields. The principles of treatment were the proposed protocol of the WHO treatment guidelines and instruments described by Ryley and Petrs in 1970 [6,22] . Chloroquine was administered to the mice in the first group as 20 mg/kg b.w.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%