The antigenic structure of the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1 subtype)

Caton, Andrew J.; Brownlee, George G.; Yewdell, Jonathan W.; Gerhard, Walter

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90135-0

Cited by 996 publications

(957 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Yates and colleagues [19] have mapped two sites recognized by certain of the monoclonal antibodies used in our study to sites Sa and Sb [20] Furthermore our studies show clearly that the 'O' and 'D' phenotypic variation described by Burnet and Bull [1] is not restricted to viruses isolated and cultivated in embryonated hens' eggs as in their original studies: we describe the same findings in viruses isolated and passaged in MDCK cells. The relative genetic instability of the 'O' phase and the selection of 'D' phase virus after passage is also noted here with viruses cultivated and passaged in MDCK cells.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

The haemagglutinins of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in the ‘O’ or ‘D’ phases exhibit biological and antigenic differences

Azzi¹,

Bartolomei-Corsi²,

Zakrzewska³

et al. 1993

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SummaryInfluenza A (H1N1) viruses when initially isolated in mammalian cell cultures (MDCK cells) had different agglutination reactions with chicken and guinea-pig erythrocytes compared to the same viruses after passage. On first isolation the virus HA resembled the ‘O’ phase viruses described originally by Burnet and Bull and agglutinated mammalian but not avian erythrocytes. After passage, the virus HA resembled a classical ‘D’ phase virus and agglutinated both avian and mammalian erythrocytes. Monoclonal and polyclonal antisera detected antigenic differences between the HAs of the viruses in the ‘O’ and ‘D’ phases. The ‘O’ phase virus HA reacted preferentially with antibodies in post infection human antisera. Viruses in the ‘O’ phase replicated poorly in the allantoic cavity of embryonated hens' eggs whilst ‘D’ phase virus replicated in both MDCK cells and in embryonated hens' eggs. At least three distinguishable subpopulations of influenza A (H1N1) viruses may co-exist in clinical throat swab material, including viruses possessing HAs in the ‘O’ and ‘D’ phases and other ‘D’ phase viruses cultivable in embryonated hens' eggs but antigenically distinguishable from the corresponding ‘D’ phase virus in MDCK cells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

The haemagglutinins of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in the ‘O’ or ‘D’ phases exhibit biological and antigenic differences

Azzi¹,

Bartolomei-Corsi²,

Zakrzewska³

et al. 1993

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…The A/South Carolina/1/18 and A/New Caledonia/20/99 H1N1 viruses in this study are 18·4% different in the HA1 protein and possess eight substitutions at residues involved in the antigenic sites (defined by Caton, et al ., 40 ) while the NAs differ by 13%. The A/Aichi/2/68 and A/Wisconsin/67/05 H3N2 viruses differ by 18·2% in the HA1 protein and by 13% in the NA protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Pandemic influenza 1918 H1N1 and 1968 H3N2 DNA vaccines induce cross-reactive immunity in ferrets against infection with viruses drifted for decades

Bragstad

Martel

Thomsen

et al. 2010

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

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Please cite this paper as: Bragstad et al. (2010) Pandemic influenza 1918 H1N1 and 1968 H3N2 DNA vaccines induce cross‐reactive immunity in ferrets against infection with viruses drifted for decades. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(1), 13–23. Background Alternative influenza vaccines and vaccine production forms are needed as the conventional protein vaccines do not induce broad cross‐reactivity against drifted strains. Furthermore, fast vaccine production is especially important in a pandemic situation, and broader vaccine reactivity would diminish the need for frequent change in the vaccine formulations. Objective In this study, we compared the ability of pandemic influenza DNA vaccines to induce immunity against distantly related strains within a subtype with the immunity induced by conventional trivalent protein vaccines against homologous virus challenge. Methods Ferrets were immunised by particle‐mediated epidermal delivery (gene gun) with DNA vaccines based on the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) and/or the matrix (M) and nucleoprotein genes of the 1918 H1N1 Spanish influenza pandemic virus or the 1968 H3N2 Hong Kong influenza pandemic virus. The animals were challenged with contemporary H1N1 or H3N2 viruses. Results We demonstrated that DNA vaccines encoding proteins of the original 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus induced protective cross‐reactive immune responses in ferrets against infection with a 1947 H1N1 virus and a recent 1999 H1N1 virus. Similarly, a DNA vaccine, based on the HA and NA of the 1968 H3N2 pandemic virus, induced cross‐reactive immune responses against a recent 2005 H3N2 virus challenge. Conclusions DNA vaccines based on pandemic or recent seasonal influenza genes induced cross‐reactive immunity against contemporary virus challenge as good as or superior to contemporary conventional trivalent protein vaccines. This suggests a unique ability of influenza DNA to induce cross‐protective immunity against both contemporary and long‐time drifted viruses.

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“…9). For the H3 HA, nearly all differences are confined to well-recognized antigenic regions (antigenic sites A to E [21]). This is not surprising as these sites were identified based on antigenic drift, and the indicated changes have been selected due to immunity in the human population during 14 years between isolation of strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bivalent influenza VLP vaccine confers complete inhibition of virus replication in lungs

Quan

Steinhauer

Huang

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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The conventional egg-grown influenza vaccines are trivalent. To test the feasibility of using multivalent influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) as an alternative influenza vaccine, we developed cell-derived influenza VLPs containing the hemagglutinin (HA) of the H1 subtype virus A/PR/ 8/34 or the H3 subtype virus A/Aichi/2/68. Mice immunized intramuscularly with bivalent influenza VLPs containing H1 and H3 HAs induced neutralizing activities against the homologous and closely related H1N1 strains A/PR/8/34 and A/WSN/33 as well as the H3N2 strains A/Aichi/ 2/68 and A/Hong Kong/68, but not the A/Philippines/2/82 strain isolated 14 years later. HA sequence and structure analysis indicated that antigenic distance could be a major factor in predicting cross-protection by VLP vaccines. The bivalent influenza VLP vaccine demonstrated advantages in broadening the protective immunity after lethal challenge infections when compared to a monovalent influenza VLP vaccine. High levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were observed in naïve or unprotected immunized mice but not in protected mice upon lethal challenge. These results indicate that multivalent influenza VLP vaccines can be an effective strategy for developing safe and alternative vaccine to control the spread of influenza viruses.

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The antigenic structure of the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1 subtype)

Cited by 996 publications

References 26 publications

The haemagglutinins of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in the ‘O’ or ‘D’ phases exhibit biological and antigenic differences

The haemagglutinins of influenza A (H1N1) viruses in the ‘O’ or ‘D’ phases exhibit biological and antigenic differences

Pandemic influenza 1918 H1N1 and 1968 H3N2 DNA vaccines induce cross-reactive immunity in ferrets against infection with viruses drifted for decades

A bivalent influenza VLP vaccine confers complete inhibition of virus replication in lungs

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