The Antibiotics Used in Livestock and Their Impact on Resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae on Farms in Gabon

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major concern around the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotics used in livestock and their impact on resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus hirae on farms in Gabon. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the farms. Samples were collected from farms (n = 20) tested for Enterococcus by culture and isolation and were identified using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar. The 20 farms included laying hens (6), swine (6), sheep (4) and cattle farms (4). Tetracycline was the most used antibiotic family (91%) and the most used prophylactic method (47%) for the treatment of animals. A total of 555 samples were collected and 515 (93%) Enterococcus spp. isolates of the genus were obtained. The prevalence of E. faecium and E. hirae were 10% and 8%, respectively. The isolates from E. faecium and E. hirae we found were related to clinical and human isolates in the NCBI database. E. faecium and E. hirae isolates showed a high resistance to tetracycline (69% and 65%) and rifampicin (39% and 56%). The tet(M) gene was detected in 65 tetracycline-resistant isolates with a large majority in hens (78% (21/27) and 86% (12/14) in E. faecium and E. hirae, respectively). The consumption of antibiotics favours the emergence of antibiotic resistance in animals in Gabon.

Prevalence, serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, contamination factors, and control methods of Salmonella spp. in retail fresh fruits and vegetables: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Since its introduction into clinical practice in 1948, tetracycline has been extensively utilized for the treatment of various diseases, including malignant malaria (Shen et al., 2022). Its use in treating animal intestinal infections has notably enhanced livestock survival rates, but the excessive use of tetracycline has resulted in a significant increase in antimicrobial resistance (Ekore et al., 2022). Trimethoprim, which has been extensively utilized since the early 1970s for treating clinical infections, has also been identified in natural environments and vegetables (Tadic et al., 2022), possibly contributing to the high resistance of Salmonella to trimethoprim in fruits and vegetables.…”

Seaweed polysaccharide relieves hexavalent chromium-induced gut microbial homeostasis

“…Numerous evidence demonstrate that Enterococcus could cause many diseases such as meningitis, sepsis, and cardioperiostitis ( Su et al, 2016 ; Subramanya et al, 2019 ). Additionally, Enterococcus infection is difficult to cure because of inherent and acquired resistance ( Chanderraj et al, 2020 ; Ekore et al, 2022 ). Escherichia_Shigella was considered as a vital factor for causing diarrhea ( Li et al, 2018 ).…”

The Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus and Its Implications for One-health Approaches in Africa

“…The Emergence and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus and Its Implications… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114340 NCBI database. The tet(M) gene was identified in 65 isolates resistant to tetracycline with a large majority from being from hens (Table 2) [84].…”